Discover: Difference between revisions
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<div class="h2 mt-0 pt-0 border-bottom-rightfade">Your Buddha-Nature</div> | <div class="h2 mt-0 pt-0 border-bottom-rightfade">Your Buddha-Nature</div> | ||
Buddha-nature is the capacity for enlightenment and freedom present within the mind of every being, a fundamental core of goodness, wisdom, and compassion that is hidden by clouds of ignorance—so hidden in fact that we might never even suspect its presence. It is like the sun that continues to shine regardless of the clouds that may cover it. By clearing away those clouds of greed, anger, and selfishness we uncover a state of perfection that is, and always has been, our own true nature. | |||
Although it may be difficult to completely overcome all our limitations and clear away those clouds, the fact that our nature is fundamentally the same as a buddha's is what makes the whole path to enlightenment possible. We already have everything we need to begin walking a path that leads to true happiness. We simply need to have confidence in the presence of our buddha-nature and the courage to begin the journey to uncover it. | Although it may be difficult to completely overcome all our limitations and clear away those clouds, the fact that our nature is fundamentally the same as a buddha's is what makes the whole path to enlightenment possible. We already have everything we need to begin walking a path that leads to true happiness. We simply need to have confidence in the presence of our buddha-nature and the courage to begin the journey to uncover it. | ||
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<div class="h2 mt-0 pt-2 border-bottom-rightfade position-relative">{{DiscoverSectionUpArrow}}What is Buddha-Nature?</div> | <div class="h2 mt-0 pt-2 border-bottom-rightfade position-relative">{{DiscoverSectionUpArrow}}What is Buddha-Nature?</div> | ||
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In almost all Buddhist traditions, buddha-nature is understood to be the same as the natural luminosity of mind—that is, the mind's natural, pure state of awareness which is free from any duality or defilement. All beings are said to share the potential for full enlightenment because their minds are, in some sense, already enlightened. In East Asian Buddhist traditions, this is known as the doctrine of original enlightenment, while in Tibetan contexts it is called primordial purity. Various Buddhist paths employ diverse methods to shake off the obscurations to enlightenment and cultivate the mind's natural perfection, from quiet sitting to elaborate tantric visualization and yogic endeavors. | In almost all Buddhist traditions, buddha-nature is understood to be the same as the natural luminosity of mind—that is, the mind's natural, pure state of awareness which is free from any duality or defilement. All beings are said to share the potential for full enlightenment because their minds are, in some sense, already enlightened. In East Asian Buddhist traditions, this is known as the doctrine of original enlightenment, while in Tibetan contexts it is called primordial purity. Various Buddhist paths employ diverse methods to shake off the obscurations to enlightenment and cultivate the mind's natural perfection, from quiet sitting to elaborate tantric visualization and yogic endeavors. | ||
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Although the teachings related to buddha-nature are vast and the ideas manifest throughout Tibetan Buddhist literature, there is a single core text for the Tibetan tradition, which is called ''The Treatise on the Ultimate Continuum'' or the ''Sublime Continuum'' in English ([[Articles/Continuum_vs._Teachings|learn more about the translation of the title here]]) and often referred to as the ''Gyü Lama'' or the ''Uttaratantra''. In Western scholarship it has become known as the ''Ratnagotravibhāga''. This text was originally composed in Sanskrit and translated into Tibetan sometime in the eleventh century, and many commentaries followed from many traditions right up to present day. Textual sources for these ideas are extremely important to the Buddhist traditions, and you can learn more about the history, texts, and ideas associated with buddha-nature in the pages that follow. Here, too, are some articles that introduce the idea of buddha-nature for a general audience. For more advanced readings, take a look at the Explore page or browse the Library. | Although the teachings related to buddha-nature are vast and the ideas manifest throughout Tibetan Buddhist literature, there is a single core text for the Tibetan tradition, which is called ''The Treatise on the Ultimate Continuum'' or the ''Sublime Continuum'' in English ([[Articles/Continuum_vs._Teachings|learn more about the translation of the title here]]) and often referred to as the ''Gyü Lama'' or the ''Uttaratantra''. In Western scholarship it has become known as the ''Ratnagotravibhāga''. This text was originally composed in Sanskrit and translated into Tibetan sometime in the eleventh century, and many commentaries followed from many traditions right up to present day. Textual sources for these ideas are extremely important to the Buddhist traditions, and you can learn more about the history, texts, and ideas associated with buddha-nature in the pages that follow. Here, too, are some articles that introduce the idea of buddha-nature for a general audience. For more advanced readings, take a look at the Explore page or browse the Library. | ||
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<div class="h2 mt-0 pt-2 border-bottom-rightfade position-relative">{{DiscoverSectionUpArrow}}The Questions</div> | <div class="h2 mt-0 pt-2 border-bottom-rightfade position-relative">{{DiscoverSectionUpArrow}}The Questions</div> | ||
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One of the most common questions about buddha-nature is whether it is the same as or similar to the Christian or Hindu notions of a soul. It is not. Buddha-nature is not an individual entity—there are not separate buddha-natures in each being. Christianity teaches that each person's soul exists independently and will survive that person's death. There is plenty of debate across traditions, but in general the soul is said to be fundamentally polluted by Original Sin and that it requires God's intervention to be saved. The Hindu notion of ''ātman'' is similarly understood to be real, but only in the sense of partaking in a universal divine presence called ''Brahman''; the individuality of the ātman is believed to be illusory. | One of the most common questions about buddha-nature is whether it is the same as or similar to the Christian or Hindu notions of a soul. It is not. Buddha-nature is not an individual entity—there are not separate buddha-natures in each being. Christianity teaches that each person's soul exists independently and will survive that person's death. There is plenty of debate across traditions, but in general the soul is said to be fundamentally polluted by Original Sin and that it requires God's intervention to be saved. The Hindu notion of ''ātman'' is similarly understood to be real, but only in the sense of partaking in a universal divine presence called ''Brahman''; the individuality of the ātman is believed to be illusory. | ||
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<div class="h2 mt-0 pt-0 border-bottom-rightfade position-relative">{{DiscoverSectionUpArrow}}The History</div> | <div class="h2 mt-0 pt-0 border-bottom-rightfade position-relative">{{DiscoverSectionUpArrow}}The History</div> | ||
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The seeds of buddha-nature teachings were planted in some of the earliest Buddhist scriptures. Passages such as this one, from the ''Aṅguttaranikāya Sutta'' — "Luminous, monks, is this mind, but sometimes it is defiled by adventitious defilements"— suggest a natural state that is only temporarily obscured by the stains of saṃsāra. Buddhism before the rise of the Mahāyāna, however, had little use for such a notion, focused as it was on the long and arduous transformation from delusion and suffering into enlightenment. | The seeds of buddha-nature teachings were planted in some of the earliest Buddhist scriptures. Passages such as this one, from the ''Aṅguttaranikāya Sutta'' — "Luminous, monks, is this mind, but sometimes it is defiled by adventitious defilements"— suggest a natural state that is only temporarily obscured by the stains of saṃsāra. Buddhism before the rise of the Mahāyāna, however, had little use for such a notion, focused as it was on the long and arduous transformation from delusion and suffering into enlightenment. | ||
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Buddhism has a vast trove of scriptures, known as sūtras and tantras, that are said to be the authentic word of the Buddha. Buddhists revere these books, although they are considered subject to interpretation, and there are an enormous number of commentaries elucidating and expanding on the teachings. The seeds of buddha-nature doctrine are sprinkled throughout this literature. A core group of scriptures that initially taught buddha-nature known as the tathāgatagarbha sūtras date between the second and fourth centuries CE. These include the ''Tathāgatagarbhasūtra'', the ''Mahāparinirvāṇasūtra'', the ''Śrīmālādevīsūtra'', and several others. The famous ''Laṅkāvatārasūtra'' was also important for buddha-nature theory. In Tibetan Buddhism the late-Indian treatise known as the ''Ratnagotravibhāga Mahāyānottaratantraśāstra'', or ''Gyü Lama'', as it is known in Tibetan, serves as a major source for buddha-nature. In East Asia the ''Awakening of Faith in the Mahāyāna'' (大乗起信論) and the ''Vajrasamādhisūtra'' are the most influential treatises in spreading buddha-nature theory. | Buddhism has a vast trove of scriptures, known as sūtras and tantras, that are said to be the authentic word of the Buddha. Buddhists revere these books, although they are considered subject to interpretation, and there are an enormous number of commentaries elucidating and expanding on the teachings. The seeds of buddha-nature doctrine are sprinkled throughout this literature. A core group of scriptures that initially taught buddha-nature known as the tathāgatagarbha sūtras date between the second and fourth centuries CE. These include the ''Tathāgatagarbhasūtra'', the ''Mahāparinirvāṇasūtra'', the ''Śrīmālādevīsūtra'', and several others. The famous ''Laṅkāvatārasūtra'' was also important for buddha-nature theory. In Tibetan Buddhism the late-Indian treatise known as the ''Ratnagotravibhāga Mahāyānottaratantraśāstra'', or ''Gyü Lama'', as it is known in Tibetan, serves as a major source for buddha-nature. In East Asia the ''Awakening of Faith in the Mahāyāna'' (大乗起信論) and the ''Vajrasamādhisūtra'' are the most influential treatises in spreading buddha-nature theory. | ||
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The doctrine of buddha-nature—the innate enlightened nature of mind—is found in all Mahāyāna Buddhist traditions, but it was not present in early Buddhism and is not accepted by most contemporary Asian Theravada Buddhist traditions. In mainstream Theravada, consciousness is one of the five aggregates, the conditioned aspects of existence which are left behind upon the attainment of nirvāṇa. The notion of a mind that exists apart from the aggregates, which is primordially pure and somehow innately enlightened, would be heretical to most Theravada Buddhists. As the contemporary Western Theravadin teacher [[Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu]] has written, "The Buddha never advocated attributing an innate nature of any kind to the mind—good, bad, or Buddha." Not only are the buddha-nature teachings not true, he continues, but they hinder one's progress on the path: "If you assume that the mind is basically good, you'll feel capable but will easily get complacent."<ref>[https://www.dhammatalks.org/books/Head&HeartTogether/Section0016.html "Freedom from Buddha Nature," para. 18–19, dhammatalks.org]</ref> This is not a universal view; the Thai Forest tradition that began at the turn of the twentieth century espouses the view that the mind is "luminous" in the sense of being innately pure, nondual awareness, and that it continues to exist in nirvāṇa. | The doctrine of buddha-nature—the innate enlightened nature of mind—is found in all Mahāyāna Buddhist traditions, but it was not present in early Buddhism and is not accepted by most contemporary Asian Theravada Buddhist traditions. In mainstream Theravada, consciousness is one of the five aggregates, the conditioned aspects of existence which are left behind upon the attainment of nirvāṇa. The notion of a mind that exists apart from the aggregates, which is primordially pure and somehow innately enlightened, would be heretical to most Theravada Buddhists. As the contemporary Western Theravadin teacher [[Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu]] has written, "The Buddha never advocated attributing an innate nature of any kind to the mind—good, bad, or Buddha." Not only are the buddha-nature teachings not true, he continues, but they hinder one's progress on the path: "If you assume that the mind is basically good, you'll feel capable but will easily get complacent."<ref>[https://www.dhammatalks.org/books/Head&HeartTogether/Section0016.html "Freedom from Buddha Nature," para. 18–19, dhammatalks.org]</ref> This is not a universal view; the Thai Forest tradition that began at the turn of the twentieth century espouses the view that the mind is "luminous" in the sense of being innately pure, nondual awareness, and that it continues to exist in nirvāṇa. | ||
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Buddhist scriptures can be divided into two main categories: those that are said to be the word of the Buddha and those that were composed by the great masters to explain the doctrine. The Buddha is said to have given as sermons a core group of buddha-nature scriptures, collectively known as the tathāgatagarbha sūtras. | Buddhist scriptures can be divided into two main categories: those that are said to be the word of the Buddha and those that were composed by the great masters to explain the doctrine. The Buddha is said to have given as sermons a core group of buddha-nature scriptures, collectively known as the tathāgatagarbha sūtras. | ||
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Following the appearance of these discourses, which lay out the basic parameters of buddha-nature theory, Indian scholars began to produce treatises that systematized the received teachings. The earliest and most influential Indian commentary on buddha-nature is the <em>Ratnagotravibhāga</em>, which became the main scriptural source for buddha-nature theory in Tibet. Who wrote this important text is not known. According to Chinese tradition, the author was a man named [[Sāramati]], a member of the kṣatriya caste from Central or Northern India. A northern Indian named [[Ratnamati]] is said to have come to China from Madhyadeśa between 498 and 508 and translated the <em>Ratnagotravibhāga</em> in Luoyang between 511 and 520. He may or may not have brought the manuscript with him, and he may have been assisted by [[Bodhiruci]]. The later Indian and Central Asian traditions, however, hold that the <em>Ratnagotravibhāga</em> was written by Maitreya—either a man by that name or the bodhisattva. In the Tibetan tradition it is believed that the bodhisattva Maitreya revealed the root verses of the treatise to the fourth-century founder of Yogācāra, Ārya [[Asaṅga]], who then composed the prose commentary. It was translated into Tibetan by six different teams, including one led by [[Atiśa Dīpaṃkara]] and another by [[Ngok Lotsāwa Loden Sherab]], who worked with his Indian teacher [[Sajjana]]. Many of the greatest Tibetan philosophers have written commentaries, including [[Ngok Lotsāwa]], [[Pakpa Lodrö Gyaltsen]], the [[Third Karmapa]], [[Dölpopa]], [[Gyalse Tokme Zangpo]], [[Gyaltsap Je]], [[Bodong Paṇchen]], [[Gö Lotsāwa]], [[Śākya Chokden]], [[Tāranātha]], [[Jamgön Kongtrul]], and [[Mipam Gyatso]], to name only a few masters from all traditions of Tibetan Buddhism. | Following the appearance of these discourses, which lay out the basic parameters of buddha-nature theory, Indian scholars began to produce treatises that systematized the received teachings. The earliest and most influential Indian commentary on buddha-nature is the <em>Ratnagotravibhāga</em>, which became the main scriptural source for buddha-nature theory in Tibet. Who wrote this important text is not known. According to Chinese tradition, the author was a man named [[Sāramati]], a member of the kṣatriya caste from Central or Northern India. A northern Indian named [[Ratnamati]] is said to have come to China from Madhyadeśa between 498 and 508 and translated the <em>Ratnagotravibhāga</em> in Luoyang between 511 and 520. He may or may not have brought the manuscript with him, and he may have been assisted by [[Bodhiruci]]. The later Indian and Central Asian traditions, however, hold that the <em>Ratnagotravibhāga</em> was written by Maitreya—either a man by that name or the bodhisattva. In the Tibetan tradition it is believed that the bodhisattva Maitreya revealed the root verses of the treatise to the fourth-century founder of Yogācāra, Ārya [[Asaṅga]], who then composed the prose commentary. It was translated into Tibetan by six different teams, including one led by [[Atiśa Dīpaṃkara]] and another by [[Ngok Lotsāwa Loden Sherab]], who worked with his Indian teacher [[Sajjana]]. Many of the greatest Tibetan philosophers have written commentaries, including [[Ngok Lotsāwa]], [[Pakpa Lodrö Gyaltsen]], the [[Third Karmapa]], [[Dölpopa]], [[Gyalse Tokme Zangpo]], [[Gyaltsap Je]], [[Bodong Paṇchen]], [[Gö Lotsāwa]], [[Śākya Chokden]], [[Tāranātha]], [[Jamgön Kongtrul]], and [[Mipam Gyatso]], to name only a few masters from all traditions of Tibetan Buddhism. | ||
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Revision as of 10:25, 24 July 2020
As the laughter died down, the Gyalwang Karmapa delivered a profound and reasoned teaching on Buddha-nature and the nature of mind. "All sentient beings are endowed with the potential for complete Buddhahood," he began.
They are inherently Buddhas, and inherently that Buddha-nature is completely free of any stains -- it is stainless, and perfect. Yet, at the level of relative or immediate experience, our experience is not this way. Our experience is that this perfectly pure Buddha-nature is veiled by our confused outlook.
Shifting the teaching to a deeper level, the Gyalwang Karmapa then described the dharmakaya, or the Buddha's enlightened mind. "Lord Gampopa said that the nature of thoughts is dharmakaya," he explained.
Thoughts and dharmakaya are inseparable. We have this dualistic approach of seeing dharmakaya as pure and thoughts as impure, but we need to understand the inseparability of thoughts and dharmakaya.
The Gyalwang Karmapa spoke directly in English as he continued:
Every moment that we have thought, every moment that thought arises, we have the opportunity to recognize the nature of thought as emptiness or dharmakaya, whatever you want to call it. Thought and the emptiness of its nature are inseparable. We can't make them separate; there's no separation. Because thought itself is emptiness that means actually in everyday life we have lots of opportunity to recognize and realize the nature of thought, or nature of emptiness, or dharmakaya. But we just follow the appearances, the illusions -- we don't look deeper.
The Gyalwang Karmapa then responded to several more questions from the audience, teaching briefly on the progressive views of emptiness within Tibetan Buddhism which culminate in the final Madhyamaka view. The final questioner echoed the thoughts of many gathered when she asked the Gyalwang Karmapa how his students could help and support him. "I feel energized and inspired by all the love and the support that I receive from all of you. That really is sufficient. I don't need anything more than your love and support," he replied, to resounding applause.
Continuing an annual tradition, the teaching took place at the request of the Root Institute for Wisdom Culture. The Gyalwang Karmapa taught to an overflowing gompa, with hundreds of students spilling out into the surrounding balconies and gardens. In addition to mostly international students, the audience also included local Indian children from the Root Institute's school.