The view whereby the five aggregates, which are transitory and composite, are regarded as a permanent, independent, and single “I” and “mine.” This view is the basis of all other wrong views. +
Also translated as “renunciation” and, depending on context, “certain deliverance.” The deeply felt wish to achieve liberation from cyclic existence. See also certain deliverance. +
A collective term for the paths of accumulating and joining. The level of earnest aspiration is a sort of prelevel before one reaches the first of the ten bodhisattva levels. Practitioners on the paths of accumulating and joining have not yet realized emptiness and cannot therefore practice the six transcendent perfections in a truly transcendental way. Their practice is more a question of willingness than of the genuine practice of amature bodhisattva. +
lit. “levels of the noble ones.” The ten levels of realization reached by bodhisattvas on the paths of seeing, meditation, and no more learning. In some classifications additional levels are added. +
“one who has gone to thusness.” A buddha; one who has reached or realized thusness, the ultimate reality. Also, one who is “thus come,” a buddha in the body of manifestation (nirmaṇakāya) who has appeared in the world to benefit beings. +
Three aspects, as presented by the Yogācāra school, of the nature of phenomena: the imputed nature, the dependent nature, and the fully present nature. Also called three realities. +
An aspect of the aggregate of form asserted by certain listeners and said to comprise vows (commitment to virtue), nonvows (commitment to negative deeds), and intermediate activities (positive or negative deeds performed without conscious intention). +
The normal preoccupations of unrealized people without a clear spiritual perspective. They are gain and loss, pleasure and pain, praise and criticism, fame and infamy. +
A collection of scriptures, originally in the form of palm leaf folios stored in baskets. The Buddha’s teachings are generally divided into three collections or baskets: Vinaya, Sūtra, and Abhidharma. +
In Buddhist philosophy, the term “self” is used to denote the mistaken notion of a permanent, single, and independent entity, whether applied to a personal sense of “I” or a divine creator. +
One who has dispelled (Tib. ''sangs'') the darkness of the two obscurations and developed (Tib.''rgyas'') the two kinds of omniscience (knowing the nature of phenomena and knowing the multiplicity of phenomena). +