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Path to Buddhahood: Teachings on Gampopa's Jewel Ornament of Liberation +

** Foreword xi ** Preface xv ** Acknowledgments xix ** Homage to Manjushri xxi ** Introduction 1 * 1. THE CAUSE: ''Buddha Nature'' 7 * 2. THE BASIS: ''A Precious Human Life'' 15 * 3. THE CONDITION: ''The Spiritual Friend'' 23 ** Why We Need a Spiritual Friend 24 ** The Different Categories of Spiritual Friends 25 ** The Qualities of Ordinary Spiritual Friends 26 ** The Master-Disciple Relationship 27 ** Receiving the Teachings in the Right Way 29 * 4. THE METHOD: ''The Instructions of the Spiritual Friend'' 37 ** First Antidote: Contemplating Impermanence 32 ** Second Antidote 37 *** Contemplating the Misery of Samsara 37 *** Understanding Karma 44 ** Third Antidote: Love and Compassion 50 *** The Development of Loving-Kindness 51 *** The Development of Compassion 60 ** Fourth Antidote: Bodhichitta 64 *** The Bodhichitta of Aspiration 67 **** Refuge 67 **** Taking Refuge in the Buddha 68 **** Taking Refuge in the Dharma 70 **** Taking Refuge in the Sangha 70 **** The Three Kayas 72 **** The Refuge Ceremony 74 *** The Bodhichitta of Commitment 76 *** The Bodhisattva Vows 76 *** Instructions for Developing the Bodhichitta of Commitment: The Six Paramitas 80 **** First Paramita: Generosity 82 **** Second Paramita: Ethics or Right Conduct 87 **** Third Paramita: Forbearance 88 **** Fourth Paramita: Diligence 93 **** Fifth Paramita: Meditation 99 **** Sixth Paramita: Wisdom 108 *** The Five Levels of the Bodhisattva Path 138 **** Accumulation 139 **** Integration 140 **** Insight 141 **** Meditation 142 **** Complete Accomplishment 142 *** The Ten Bodhisattva Levels 143 * 5. THE RESULT: ''Perfect Buddhahood''149 * 6. ''The Activities of a Buddha'' 163 * Conclusion 169 * Dedication of Merit 171 * Notes 173 * Index 179

Perfect or Perfected? Rongtön on Buddha-Nature +

* Forewordvii * Preface and Acknowledgmentsix * I - Translator's Introduction: The Doctrine of Buddha-nature1 ** Overview1 ** Sources4 *** The Sutras4 *** The Sastras8 * The Ratnagotravibhaga11 ** The Text of the Ratnagotravibhaga11 ** The Question of the Authorship of the Ratnagotravibhaga12 ** The Ratnagotravibhaga in India13 ** The Ratnagotravibhaga in Tibet15 *** The Analytical School of Loden Sherab15 *** The Meditative School of Tsen Khaboche19 ** Previous Studies and the Aim of the Present work20 * Rongton and His Presentation of Buddha-nature22 ** A Brief Biography of Rongton Sheja Kiinrig22 ** Rongton's Presentation of Buddha-nature23 *** Introduction23 *** The Buddha Qualities and the Dharmakaya26 *** The Dhatu as a Cause28 *** The Gotra and the Luminous Nature of the Mind29 *** Rongton and the Ratnagotravibhagavyakhya33 *** Summary34 ** Notes on the Translation35 * II - Translation: An Extensive Exposition of the Dhatu: All Sentient Beings Have Buddha-Nature37 * Determining the Dhatu by Means of a Tenfold Presentation44 ** Essential nature and cause44 ** Result and function50 ** Connection62 ** Manifestation65 ** States67 ** All-pervasiveness69 ** Immutability71 ** Inseparable qualities97 * Summary106 * Appendix: Detailed Outline of the Commentary107 * Glossary113 * Tibetan Names and Places125 * Bibliography129 * Index137

Philosophy, Grammar, and Indology: Essays in Honour of Professor Gustav Roth +

** ''Preface''v ** ''Bio-data of Dr. phil., Dr. h.c. Gustav Roth''xi ** ''Bibliography of Professor Gustav Roth''xxi * 1. '''Sibjiban Bhattacharya''': ''Meaning and Scepticism: Some Indian Themes and Theories''1 * 2. '''S.S. Barlingay''': ''The Grammar of (Indian) Moral Concepts''21 * 3. '''Rajendra P. Pandey''': ''Language and Significance''37 * 4. '''G.L. Pandit''': ''Rediscovering Indian Philosophy: Out of Text and Into Text''41 * 5. '''K.N.Tiwari''': ''Logicalism and Anthropocentrism in Linguistic Meaning''53 * 6. '''P.R. Bhat''': ''Philosophical Problems and Language in Wittgenstein''61 * 7. '''N.K. Devaraja''': ''Self and Freedom: The Vedantic and Phenomenological Perspectives''79 * 8. '''Arvind Kumar Rai''': ''The Positive Dimension of Śunyatā in Nāgārjuna''87 * 9. '''Vijay Bharadwaja''': ''Svadharma and Mokṣa: A Critique''95 * 10. '''Deepkant Prasad''': ''The Concept of Justification and Svataḥprāmāṇya- Parataḥprāmāṇya Debate''103 * 11. '''R.I. Ingalalli''': ''Pramanya (Validity of Knowledge)''143 * 12. '''Raghunath Ghosh''': ''Some Problems Concerning the Comprehension of Meaning''157 * 13. '''Tulsi Ram Kanaujia''': ''Heterogeneity of Arthāpatti''165 * 14. '''Rajesh Kumar Jha''': ''Advaitism as Revealed in the Saudarya-laharī of Śaṃkara''85 * 15. '''Ramesh Kumar Sharma''': ''Reality of the External World: Yoga vs. Buddhist Idealism''221 * 16. '''H. S. Prasad''': ''Śāntideva on Roots and Resolutions of Violence''233 * 17. '''Hajime Nakamura''': ''Buddhist Influence as is Noticed in the Fourth Chapter of the Gauḍapādīya-Kārikā-s''241 * 18. '''Harsh Narain''': ''Nibbāna: Extinction or Emancipation''259 * 19. '''N.H. Samtani''': ''Mahāyāna Elements in Thai Buddhism''267 * 20. '''S.C. Goswami''': ''The Monistic Absolute of the Uttaratantra and Modem Science''275 * 21. '''Sanghasen Singh''': ''On the Restoration of the Śrīghanācārasaṃgraha''283 * 22. '''K.T.S. Sarao''': ''Did the Buddha Really Belong to the Sixth-fifth Century B.C.''303 * 23. '''Hisashi Matsumura''': ''A Story of Seeking after the Dharma and a Verse on Impermanence-Another Mahāyāna Element in Sri Lanka Literature''319 * 24. '''K.R. Norman''': ''The Nasalisation of Vowels in Middle Indo-Aryan''331 * 25. '''Georg von Simson''': ''Gaṇeśa and Vṛtra''339 * 26. '''Utz Podzeit''': ''Indian Manuscripts in Vienna''351 * 27. '''Lokesh Chandra & Sudarshan Devi Singhal''': ''Avalokiteśvara in Tun-Huang Painting''359 * 28. '''Chandra B. Varma''': ''A Translator's Approach with Reference to the Abhidhammatthasaṅgahasarūpa''373 * 29. '''T.S. Rukmani''': ''Upaniṣadic Philosophy and the Pañcakośa Concept Compared with Recent Humanistic Psychology in the West''383 * 30. '''S.C. Goswami''': ''Complementarity of Opposites: The Undercurrent of Upaniṣadic Thought''389 * 31. '''V.N. Jha''': ''Jayanta on Prātibhajñāna''399 * 32. '''Keshab Chandra Dash''': ''Pronominal Reference and Inferential Mechanism in Micro- Structural Representation''403 * 33. '''K. Maheswaran Nair''': ''On the Hindu Thinking on Conversion to Buddhism in Kerala''413 * 34. '''Ashok Kumar Goswami''': ''Contributions of Anundoram Borooah to Sanskrit''423 * 35. '''''List of Contributors''''' 437

Plants in Early Buddhism and the Far Eastern Idea of the Buddha-Nature of Grasses and Trees +

* Preface9 * Technical Remarks17 * '''Pt. I: Reconsidering the Status of Plants in Early Buddhism'''19 * 1. Plants as a Borderline Case between Sentient and Insentient19 * 2. Alternative Proposals30 * 3. Plants as Living Beings with One Sense-Faculty in the Vinaya36 ** Philological Excursus on the phrase '' 'jīvasaññino manussā rukkhasmiṁ' '' (§ 16)42 * 4. Plants as Insentient Living Beings (Fujimoto)48 * 5. Additional Arguments for the Sentience of Plants Revisited58 ** 5.1. Findly's Arguments58 ** 5.1.1. Additional Passages Referring to Plants as Sentient Beings59 ** 5.1.2. Additional Arguments for Plants Possessing the Sense of Touch65 ** 5.1.3. Arguments for Plants as Complex Sentient Beings69 ** 5.2. Okada's Arguments for Plants as Sentient Beings76 ** 5.2.1 Tree Deities and Numinous Trees77 ** 5.2.2. Plants Reacting to Extraordinary Events84 ** 5.3 Résumé89 * 6. Plants as Saintly Beings?89 ** 6.1 Discussion of Findly's Arguments90 ** 6.2. Systematic difficulties94 * 7. Résumé98 * '''Pt. II: The Problem of the Relationship between the Idea of the Buddha-Nature of Grasses and Trees and Early Buddhism'''101 * '''Pt. II.A: The Question of Textual Continuity'''103 ** Excursus: Remarks on 'Buddha-nature' (§ 53)106 * 1. General Passages122 ** 1.1 ''Gaṇḍavyūhasūtra'': Maitreya's Palace123 ** 1.2. ''Sāgaramatiparipṛcchā''124 ** 1.3. ''Mahāparinirvāṇasūtra'' (1): *''Ayuṣparivarta''129 ** 1.4. ''Viṁśatikā Vijñaptimātratāsiddhi''136 ** 1.5. ''Buddhāvataṁsaka'' (1): ''Cittamātra'' Passages140 ** 1.5.1. ''Daśabhūmika-sūtra'' VI141 ** 1.5.2. 'Verses Recited in the Palace of Suyāma'148 ** 1.5.3. The 'Chapter on Religious Practice'160 ** 1.6. ''Vimalakīrti-nirdeśa''161 ** 1.7. ''Buddhāvataṁsaka'' (2): 'Eulogies on Mount Sumeru'163 ** 1.8. ''Saddharmapuṇḍarīka: Oṣadhiparivarta''167 ** 1.9. Résumé168 * 2. Specific passages169 ** 2.1. ''Dharmadhātu-prakṛty-asaṁbheda-nirdeśa''170 ** 2.2. ''Mahāparinirvāṇasūtra'' (2): 'Chapter on Religious Practice'176 ** 2.3. '' 'Amitābha-sūtra' ''185 ** 2.4. ''Buddhāvataṁsaka'' (3): ''Samantabhadracaryā-nirdeśa''189 ** 2.4.1. First Explanation197 ** 2.4.2. Second Explanation201 ** 2.4.3. Third Explanation224 ** 2.4.4. Conclusions Regarding the ''Buddhāvataṁsaka''226 ** 2.5. Résumé238 * '''Pt. II.B: An Attempt at a Structural Comparison'''241 * 1. Facets of the Far Eastern Idea of the 'Buddha-Nature of Grasses and Trees' and their Indian Background247 ** 1.1. Buddha-Nature as the Essential Nature of Plants249 ** 1.2. The Buddha-Nature of Plants as Experienced by Awakened Beings275 ** 1.3. The Omnipresence of Vairocana280 ** 1.4. Plants Miraculously Transformed into Buddhas290 ** 1.5. Plants Becoming Buddhas292 * 2. New Aspects of the Buddha-Nature and Sentience of Plants in Japanese Buddhism294 * 3. The Question of Practical Consequences308 * 4. Résumé322 * Conclusion327 * Abbreviations329 * References341 * Index367

Poetic Thought, the Intelligent Universe, and the Mystery of Self: The Tantric Synthesis of rDzogs Chen in Fourteenth Century Tibet +

<center>''Part I: Introduction''</center> * Acknowledgmentsiii * Forewordvi * Abstractviii * Dedicationxi * Introduction1 * Chapter One: ''Overview of the Great Perfection''3 * Chapter Two: ''The Corpus of Longchenpa''l0 * Chapter Three: ''The Seventeen Tantras''39 * Chapter Four: ''The Essentials of the Great Perfection in Eleven Adamantine Topics''51 * Chapter Five: ''The First Adamantine Topic: the Ground and Ground-presencing''60 * Chapter Six: ''The Second Adamantine Topic: the Process of Straying''68 * Chapter Seven: ''The Third Adamantine Topic: the Enlightened Nucleus Pervading all Living Beings''77 * Chapter Eight: ''The Fourth Adamantine Topic: the Location of Primordial Gnosis within Us''83 * Chapter Nine: ''The Fifth Adamantine Topic: the Pathways of Primordial Gnosis Within Us''90 * Chapter Ten: ''The Sixth Adamantine Topic: the Gateways of Primordial Gnosis Within Us''95 * Chapter Eleven: ''The Seventh Adamantine Topic: the Objective Sphere of Primordial Gnosis' Shining Forth''109 * Chapter Twelve: ''The Eighth Adamantine Topic: Contemplatively Taking Primordial Gnosis into your own Experience''114 * Chapter Thirteen: ''The Ninth Adamantine Topic: the Signs and Measures of Contemplative Realization''128 * Chapter Fourteen: ''The Tenth Adamantine Topic: Dying and Post-death Opportunities in the Intermediate States''130 * Chapter Fifteen: ''The Eleventh Adamantine Topic: the Fruit of Buddhahood as the Universe's Self-Exploration comes to a Climax in the Enlightenment Experience''135 <center>''Part II: Translation of Longchenpa's "Treasury of Words and Meanings" ''</center> * Introduction139 * Chapter One: ''The Ground, Ground-presencing, and Liberation of the Totally Positive One''143 * Chapter Two: ''Straying into Fictive Existence and the Structure of the Consequently Neuroticized Existence Therein''175 * Chapter Three: ''How Enlightened Energy "Buddhahood" Continues to Holistically Pervade all Living Beings''214 * Chapter Four: ''This Gnostic Energy's Presence and Location in Human Existence''231 * Chapter Five: ''This Gnostic Energy's Pathways in Human Existence''261 <center>''Part III: Annotation-Commentary to Longchenpa's''</center> <center>'' "Treasury of Words and Meanings" ''</center> * Introduction277 * Chapter One289 * Chapter Two395 * Chapter Tnree557 * Chapter Four604 * Chapter Five704 * Mini-encyclopedia of Terminology807 * Glossary: Tibetan tenns with English translations965 * Abbreviations of Titles Used in the Thesis983 * Bibliography of Secondary Literature985 * Bibliography of Reference Materials992 * Bibliography of Texts in Sanskrit and Tibetan993

Prajñāpāramitā, Indian "gzhan stong pas", and the Beginning of Tibetan gzhan stong +

* Preface7 * Introduction9 * 1. The Indian texts ** 1.1. The exegetical source for the three natures in the prajñāpāramitā sūtras: the "Maitreya Chapter"19 ** 1.2. Vasubandhu and Sthiramati on the three kinds of phenomena in the "Maitreya Chapter" and the three natures24 ** 1.3. The ''Bṛhattīkā''26 ** 1.4. The ''Āmnāyanusāriṇī''47 ** 1.5. The ''Śatasāhasrikāprajñāpāramitābṛhaṭṭīkā''116 ** 1.6. Other Indian commentaries on the prajñāpāramitā sūtras and the AA122 ** 1.7. Ratnākaraśanti's ''Prajñāpāramitopadeśa'', ''Madhyamakālaṃkāropadeśa'', ''Madhyamakālaṃkāravṛtti'', and ''Sūtrasamuccayabhāṣya''133 ** 1.8. Vinītadeva's ''Triṃśikaṭīkā'' on 25a158 ** 1.9. Sajjana's ''Mahāyānottaratantraśāstropadeśa''160 * 2. The transmission of the five works of Maitreya and early ''gzhan stong'' in Tibet163 * 3. Early ''gzhan stong'' texts in Tibet ** 3.1. Kun dga' grol mchog's synopsis of Btsan kha bo che's ''gzhan stong''175 ** 3.2. The ''Ye shes kyi 'jog sa''180 ** 3.3. The ''Theg chen rgyud bla ma'i gdams pa''192 * 4. Conclusion195 * Abbreviations199 * Bibliography199 +

Presenting Japanese Buddhism to the West +

**** Introduction: Japan in Chicago1 * Chapter 1. Japan Faces the West16 * Chapter 2. Manifest Destiny: ''Christianity and American Imperialism''45 * Chapter 3. The Rules of the Parliament: ''Securing the Truth''65 * Chapter 4. Alterity: ''Buddhism as the "Other" of Christianity''85 * Chapter 5. Buddhism and Modernity in Meiji Japan115 * Chapter 6. Buddhist Revival and Japanese Nationalism137 * Chapter 7. Deploying Western Authority I: ''Henry Steel Olcott in Japan''155 * Chapter 8. Buddhism and Treaty Revision: ''The Chicago Project''172 * Chapter 9. Defining Eastern Buddhism198 * Chapter 10. Paul Carus: ''Buddhism and Monist Mission''222 * Chapter 11. Deploying Western Authority II: ''Carus in Translation''245 * Chapter 12. From Eastern Buddhism to Zen: ''A Postscript''259 **** Notes279 **** Bibliography323 **** Index345 +

Prince Shōtoku's Commentary on the Śrīmālā Sutra +

* A Message on the Publication of the English Tripiṭaka, ''NUMATA Yehan''v * Editorial Foreword, ''MAYEDA Sengaku''vii * Publisher's Foreword, ''John R. McRae''ix * Translator's Introduction, ''Mark W. Dennis''xiii * Conventions for the Translationxix * Prince Shōtoku's Commentary on the ''Śrīmālā Sutra'' * Introduction ** The Contents of the Sutra3 ** The Title of the Sutra3 ** The Three Divisions of Buddhist Sutras4 * Part I. Commentary on the Introductory Teaching ** The General Introduction7 ** The Specific Introduction9 * Part II. Commentary on the Main Teaching ** Chapter One: Praising the True Merits of the Tathāgata13 ** Chapter Two: The Ten Main Ordination Vows21 ** Chapter Three: The Three Great Vows29 ** Chapters Four and Five: "Other-Practice"30 ** Chapter Four: Embracing the True Dharma31 ** Divisions of Chapter Four32 ** Chapter Five: The One Vehicle51 ** Part Two of the Sutra's Main Teaching93 ** The General Explanation94 ** Chapter Six: The Unlimited Noble Truths94 ** Chapter Seven: The ''Tathāgatagarbha''97 ** Chapter Eight: The Dharma Body107 ** Chapter Nine: The Concealed Truth: The Meaning of Emptiness109 ** The Specific Explanation111 ** Chapter Ten: The One Noble Truth112 ** Chapter Eleven: The One Refuge115 ** Chapter Twelve: The Distorted Truths117 ** Chapter Thirteen: The Intrinsically Pure121 ** Chapter Fourteen: The True Children of the Tathāgata128 * Part III. The Propagation of the Teaching ** Propagation of the Teaching 1: The Buddha Returns to Śrāvastī131 ** Propagation of the Teaching 2: Transmitting the Sutra131 ** Propagation of the Teaching 3: The Sixteen Names for the Sutra132 * Notes135 * Glossary137 * Bibliography151 * Index157 * A List of the Volumes of the BDK English Tripiṭaka (First Series)167

Progressive Stages of Meditation on Emptiness (2016) +

* Preface to the 2016 Edition1 * Introduction5 * Stage One: Shravaka Meditation on Not-Self15 * Stage Two: Chittamatra Mind Only39 * Stage Three: Svatantrika Madhyamaka63 * Stage Four: Prasangika Madhyamaka75 * Stage Five: Shentong Emptiness-of-Other87 * Explanation of Some Key Terms107 * Translator's Notes in Regard to 2016 Edition110 +

Pruning the Bodhi Tree +

* Introduction by Jamie HUBBARDvii * List of Contributorsxxiii * Source Creditsxxvii * Bibliographic and Linguistic Conventionsxxixi <center>PART ONE</center> <center>'''The What and Why of Critical Buddhism'''</center> * Why They Say Zen Is Not Buddhism: Recent Japanese Critiques of Buddha-Nature3 ** ''Paul L. Swanson'' * Critical Buddhism and Returning to the Sources30 ** ''Dan LUSTHAUS'' * Critical Philosophy versus Topical Philosophy56 ** ''HAKAMAYA Noriaki'' * Topophobia81 ** ''Jamie HUBBARD'' * Scholarship as Criticism113 ** ''HAKAMAYA Noriaki'' * The Limits of Criticism145 ** ''Paul J. GRIFFITHS'' * Comments on Critical Buddhism161 ** ''MATSUMOTO Shirō'' <center>'''PART TWO'''</center> <center>'''In Search of True Buddhism'''</center> * The Doctrine of ''Tathāgata-garbha'' Is Not Buddhist165 ** ''MATSUMOTO Shirō'' * The Doctrine of Buddha-Nature Is Impeccably Buddhist174 ** ''Sallie B. KING'' * The Idea of ''Dhātu-vāda'' in Yogacara and ''Tathāgata-garbha'' Texts193 ** ''YAMABE Nobuyoshi'' * A Critical Exchange on the Idea of ''Dhātu-vāda''205 ** ''MATSUMOTO Shirō & YAMABE Nobuyoshi'' * The Core Elements of Indian Buddhism Introduced into Tibet: A Contrast with Japanese Buddhism220 ** ''YAMAGUCHI Zuihō'' * The Meaning of "Zen"242 ** ''MATSUMOTO Shirō'' * Critical Buddhism and Dōgen’s ''Shōbōgenzō'': The Debate over the 75-Fascicle and 12-Fascicle Texts251 ** ''Steven HEINE'' * Is Critical Buddhism Really Critical?286 ** ''Peter N. GREGORY'' * Metaphysics, Suffering, and Liberation: The Debate between Two Buddhisms298 ** ''LIN Chen-kuo'' * Thoughts on ''Dhātu-vāda'' and Recent Trends in Buddhist Studies314 ** ''TAKASAKI Jikidō'' * A Reexamination of Critical Buddhism321 ** ''SUEKI Fumihiko'' <center>'''PART THREE'''</center> <center>'''Social Criticism'''</center> * Thoughts on the Ideological Background of Social Discrimination339 ** ''HAKAMAYA Noriaki'' * Buddhism and the Kami: Against Japanism356 ** ''MATSUMOTO Shirō'' * Tendai Hongaku Doctrine and Japan’s Ethnocentric Turn374 ** ''Ruben L. F. HABITO'' * The Lotus Sutra and Japanese Culture388 ** ''MATSUMOTO Shirō'' * Notes407 * Bibliography491 * Index501

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rNgog Blo-ldan-shes-rab's Summary of the Ratnagotravibhāga +

* Introduction1 * PART I: Historical and Doctrinal Background15 * Chapter 1: Indian Historical and Doctrinal Background17 * Chapter 2: Six Tibetan Translations of the Ratnagotravibhāga89 * Chapter 3: Life and Works of rNgog Blo-ldan-shes-rab113 * Chapter 4: rNgog-lo's philosophical position129 * Chapter 5: rNgog-lo's Impact on Doctrinal Developments from the 11th through 14th centuries175 * Chapter 6: rNgog-lo's Impact on Doctrinal Development in the 15th and 16th centuries217 * Conclusion255 * PART II: An Edition of rNgog Blo-ldan-shes-rab's ''rGyud bla ma'i don bsdus pa''261 * 1: Introduction to the Edition263 * 2: Topical Outline267 * 3: Critical Edition277 * PART III: An Annotated Translation367 * APPENDICES497 * Appendix A: rNgog-lo's Topical Outline of the ''Ratnagotravibhāga'' Discovered at Kharakhoto499 * Appendix B: Sajjana's ''Mahāyānottaratantraśāstropadeśa''505 * Appendix C: Vairocanarakṣita's ''Mahāyānottaratantraṭippaṇī''537 * Appendix D: Translations of relevant passages from Jñānaśrīmitra's ''Sakārasiddhi'' and ''Sākarasaṃgraha''577 * Appendix E: On ''Blo-gros-mtshungs-med''599 * Appendix F: Nidānaparivarta of the ''Dhāraṇīśvararājasūtra''605 * Appendix G: A List of Commentaries of the ''Ratnagotravibhāga''611 * Appendix H: Records of Transmission Lineages (''gsan yig'') of the ''Ratnagotravibhāga''619 * Abbreviations625 * Bibliography631

Radiant Emptiness +

* 1. Introduction 1 ** 1.1. Starting Points 1 ** 1.2. Introducing Shakya Chokden 7 ** 1.3. Introducing Shakya Chokden’s Thought 12 ** 1.4. Introducing the Texts 21 * 2. Profound Thunder amidst the Clouds of the Ocean of Definitive Meaning: Differentiation of the Two Systems of the Great Madhyamaka Deriving from the Two Great Chariot Ways 51 * 3. Rain of Ambrosia: Extensive Auto-Commentary on the Treatise That, Explaining Differentiation of the Two Ways of Great Chariots, Establishes the Definitive Meaning Approved by Them as One 63 ** 3.1. Setting the Framework of the Meaning through Explaining the General Meaning 65 *** 3.1.1. Identification of My Own Opinions 65 *** 3.1.2 Extensive Explanation of Scriptural Statements and Reasoning Establishing Them 67 *** 3.1.3. Conclusion Reached by Demonstrating the Established Meaning 115 ** 3.2. Extensive Explanation of the Meaning of the Words of Individual Textual Passages 134 *** 3.2.1. The Meaning of the Treatise’s Title 134 *** 3.2.2. The Actual Treatise with That Title 142 *** 3.2.3. Providing the Author’s Name in Order to Avoid Confusion with Other Texts 265 ** 3.3. Conclusion upon Generating Respect for the Definitive Meaning of the Third Dharmacakra 266 *** 3.3.1. Demonstrating the Way That Definitive Meaning Emerged in Valid Treatises 266 *** 3.3.2. Demonstrating That That Same Definitive Meaning Also Emerges from the Texts of Quintessential Instructions by Indian and Tibetan Scholars 271 *** 3.3.3. Demonstrating the Transmission Sources I Myself Followed 273 * 4. Great Path of the Ambrosia of Emptiness: Explanation of Profound Pacification Free from Proliferations 281 ** 4.1. Identification of the Ambrosia That Flowed from the Excellent Words of Our Compassionate Teacher Alone 282 ** 4.2. How Each Group of Proponents of the Buddhist Tenets Partakes in Its Share of the Ambrosia 283 ** 4.3. Systems That Having Understood Emptiness Are Posited as the Pinnacle of Tenet Systems 286 *** 4.3.1. Determining the Presentation of Emptiness 286 *** 4.3.2. Explanation of Divisions of the Path Purifying Stains of the Dharma-Sphere 362 *** 4.3.3. Entity of Buddhahood Attained by That Path 387 * English-Tibetan Glossary 393 * Glossary of Tibetan Names 433 * Chapter Outlines 435 * Bibliography 447 * Index 459

Rainbow Painting +

* Foreword11 * Preface15 * Background19 * The View & the Nine Vehicles32 * The Three Vajras43 * The Vital Point49 * Space59 * Samaya67 * Application79 * Devotion & Compassion91 * The Qualified Master100 * Mindfulness111 * Tiredness123 * The True Foundation132 * Straying147 * Unity158 * Purity168 * Accomplishment176 * Bardo188 * Conduct199 +

Rays of Sunlight +

* Foreword7 * Acknowledgement10 <center>Ayang Thubten Rinpoche</center> <center>'''Rays of Sunlight'''</center> <center>A Commentary on</center> <center>The Heart of the Mahayana Teachings</center> ** Homage13 ** Commitment14 ** Textual Outline of the Treatise Itself15 * The Initial Virtue - Introduction16 * The Middle Virtue - Subject Matter of the Text18 * Part One: THE GROUND23 ** How Buddha Nature Abides23 ** How Buddha Nature Is Obscured by Adventitious Stains When It Is Not Realized24 ** Showing the Purpose of Realizing This Very Buddha Nature27 * Part Two: THE PATH28 ** What Should Be Known28 ** What Should Be Reflected Upon34 ** What Should Be Trained In42 ** What Should Be Meditated Upon118 * Part Three: THE RESULT134 ** The Final Virtue -Conclusion143 ** The Reason of Being Profound and Thus Dedicating Its Virtues143 ** The Act of Completing the Treatise: The Colophon144 <center>'''Appendix'''</center> * Bibliography149 * Glossary154 * Detailed Table of Contents162 +

Record of the Transmission of Illumination by the Great Ancestor, Zen Master Keizan +

* [https://www.sotozen.com/eng/library/denkoroku/pdf/ABOUT_THE_TRANSLATION,_CONVENTIONS,_ABBREVIATIONS.pdf ABOUT THE TRANSLATION]vii * CONVENTIONSxiii * ABBREVIATIONSxvii * [https://www.sotozen.com/eng/library/denkoroku/pdf/Lead_Chapter.pdf LEAD CHAPTER (Śākyamuni Buddha)]2 * [https://www.sotozen.com/eng/library/denkoroku/pdf/CHAPTER_ONE.pdf CHAPTER ONE (Mahākāśyapa)]10 * [https://www.sotozen.com/eng/library/denkoroku/pdf/CHAPTER_TWO.pdf CHAPTER TWO (Ānanda)]21 * [https://www.sotozen.com/eng/library/denkoroku/pdf/CHAPTER_THREE.pdf CHAPTER THREE (Śāṇavāsin)]35 * [https://www.sotozen.com/eng/library/denkoroku/pdf/CHAPTER_FOUR.pdf CHAPTER FOUR (Upagupta)]43 * [https://www.sotozen.com/eng/library/denkoroku/pdf/CHAPTER_FIVE.pdf CHAPTER FIVE (Dhītika)]52 * [https://www.sotozen.com/eng/library/denkoroku/pdf/CHAPTER_SIX.pdf CHAPTER SIX (Miśraka)]60 * [https://www.sotozen.com/eng/library/denkoroku/pdf/CHAPTER_SEVEN.pdf CHAPTER SEVEN (Vasumitra)]69 * [https://www.sotozen.com/eng/library/denkoroku/pdf/CHAPTER_EIGHT.pdf CHAPTER EIGHT (Buddhanandiya)]76 * [https://www.sotozen.com/eng/library/denkoroku/pdf/CHAPTER_NINE.pdf CHAPTER NINE (Buddhamitra)]86 * [https://www.sotozen.com/eng/library/denkoroku/pdf/CHAPTER_TEN.pdf CHAPTER TEN (Pārśva)]95 * [https://www.sotozen.com/eng/library/denkoroku/pdf/CHAPTER_ELEVEN.pdf CHAPTER ELEVEN (Puṇyayaśas)]103 * [https://www.sotozen.com/eng/library/denkoroku/pdf/CHAPTER_TWELVE.pdf CHAPTER TWELVE (Aśvaghoṣa)]109 * [https://www.sotozen.com/eng/library/denkoroku/pdf/CHAPTER_THIRTEEN.pdf CHAPTER THIRTEEN (Kapimala)]118 * [https://www.sotozen.com/eng/library/denkoroku/pdf/CHAPTER_FOURTEEN.pdf CHAPTER FOURTEEN (Nāgārjuna)]126 * [https://www.sotozen.com/eng/library/denkoroku/pdf/CHAPTER_FIFTEEN.pdf CHAPTER FIFTEEN (Kāṇadeva)]137 * [https://www.sotozen.com/eng/library/denkoroku/pdf/CHAPTER_SIXTEEN.pdf CHAPTER SIXTEEN (Rahulabhadra)]144 * [https://www.sotozen.com/eng/library/denkoroku/pdf/CHAPTER_SEVENTEEN.pdf CHAPTER SEVENTEEN (Saṃghānandi)]154 * [https://www.sotozen.com/eng/library/denkoroku/pdf/CHAPTER_EIGHTEEN.pdf CHAPTER EIGHTEEN (Gayaśata)]167 * [https://www.sotozen.com/eng/library/denkoroku/pdf/CHAPTER_NINETEEN.pdf CHAPTER NINETEEN (Kumāralabdha)]179 * [https://www.sotozen.com/eng/library/denkoroku/pdf/CHAPTER_TWENTY.pdf CHAPTER TWENTY (Jayata)]184 * [https://www.sotozen.com/eng/library/denkoroku/pdf/CHAPTER_TWENTY_ONE.pdf CHAPTER TWENTY-ONE (Vasubandhu)]192 * [https://www.sotozen.com/eng/library/denkoroku/pdf/CHAPTER_TWENTY_TWO.pdf CHAPTER TWENTY-TWO (Manorahita)]202 * [https://www.sotozen.com/eng/library/denkoroku/pdf/CHAPTER_TWENTY_THREE.pdf CHAPTER TWENTY-THREE (Halenayaśas)]209 * [https://www.sotozen.com/eng/library/denkoroku/pdf/CHAPTER_TWENTY_FOUR.pdf CHAPTER TWENTY-FOUR (Siṃha)]215 * [https://www.sotozen.com/eng/library/denkoroku/pdf/CHAPTER_TWENTY_FIVE.pdf CHAPTER TWENTY-FIVE (Vasiṣṭa)]221 * [https://www.sotozen.com/eng/library/denkoroku/pdf/CHAPTER_TWENTY_SIX.pdf CHAPTER TWENTY-SIX (Puṇyamitra)]227 * [https://www.sotozen.com/eng/library/denkoroku/pdf/CHAPTER_TWENTY_SEVEN.pdf CHAPTER TWENTY-SEVEN (Prajñātāra)]234 * [https://www.sotozen.com/eng/library/denkoroku/pdf/CHAPTER_TWENTY_EIGHT.pdf CHAPTER TWENTY-EIGHT (Bodhidharma)]243 * [https://www.sotozen.com/eng/library/denkoroku/pdf/CHAPTER_TWENTY_NINE.pdf CHAPTER TWENTY-NINE (Dazu)]257 * [https://www.sotozen.com/eng/library/denkoroku/pdf/CHAPTER_THIRTY.pdf CHAPTER THIRTY (Jianzhi)]267 * [https://www.sotozen.com/eng/library/denkoroku/pdf/CHAPTER_THIRTY_ONE.pdf CHAPTER THIRTY-ONE (Dayi)]274 * [https://www.sotozen.com/eng/library/denkoroku/pdf/CHAPTER_THIRTY_TWO.pdf CHAPTER THIRTY-TWO (Daman)]282 * [https://www.sotozen.com/eng/library/denkoroku/pdf/CHAPTER_THIRTY_THREE.pdf CHAPTER THIRTY-THREE (Dajian)]290 * [https://www.sotozen.com/eng/library/denkoroku/pdf/CHAPTER_THIRTY_FOUR.pdf CHAPTER THIRTY-FOUR (Hongji)]310 * [https://www.sotozen.com/eng/library/denkoroku/pdf/CHAPTER_THIRTY_FIVE.pdf CHAPTER THIRTY-FIVE (Wuji)]320 * [https://www.sotozen.com/eng/library/denkoroku/pdf/CHAPTER_THIRTY_SIX.pdf CHAPTER THIRTY-SIX (Hongdao)]334 * [https://www.sotozen.com/eng/library/denkoroku/pdf/CHAPTER_THIRTY_SEVEN.pdf CHAPTER THIRTY-SEVEN (Wuzhu)]346 * [https://www.sotozen.com/eng/library/denkoroku/pdf/CHAPTER_THIRTY_EIGHT.pdf CHAPTER THIRTY-EIGHT (Wuben)]356 * [https://www.sotozen.com/eng/library/denkoroku/pdf/CHAPTER_THIRTY_NINE.pdf CHAPTER THIRTY-NINE (Hongjue)]375 * [https://www.sotozen.com/eng/library/denkoroku/pdf/CHAPTER_FORTY.pdf CHAPTER FORTY (Tongan Pi)]389 * [https://www.sotozen.com/eng/library/denkoroku/pdf/CHAPTER_FORTY_ONE.pdf CHAPTER FORTY-ONE (Tongan)]398 * [https://www.sotozen.com/eng/library/denkoroku/pdf/CHAPTER_FORTY_TWO.pdf CHAPTER FORTY-TWO (Liangshan)]408 * [https://www.sotozen.com/eng/library/denkoroku/pdf/CHAPTER_FORTY_THREE.pdf CHAPTER FORTY-THREE (Taiyang Mingan)]420 * [https://www.sotozen.com/eng/library/denkoroku/pdf/CHAPTER_FORTY_FOUR.pdf CHAPTER FORTY-FOUR (Touzi)]429 * [https://www.sotozen.com/eng/library/denkoroku/pdf/CHAPTER_FORTY_FIVE.pdf CHAPTER FORTY-FIVE (Daokai)]449 * [https://www.sotozen.com/eng/library/denkoroku/pdf/CHAPTER_FORTY_SIX.pdf CHAPTER FORTY-SIX (Danxia Chun)]466 * [https://www.sotozen.com/eng/library/denkoroku/pdf/CHAPTER_FORTY_SEVEN.pdf CHAPTER FORTY-SEVEN (Wukong)]471 * [https://www.sotozen.com/eng/library/denkoroku/pdf/CHAPTER_FORTY-EIGHT.pdf CHAPTER FORTY-EIGHT (Tiantong Jue)]483 * [https://www.sotozen.com/eng/library/denkoroku/pdf/CHAPTER_FORTY-NINE.pdf CHAPTER FORTY-NINE (Xuedou Jian)]495 * [https://www.sotozen.com/eng/library/denkoroku/pdf/CHAPTER_FIFTY.pdf CHAPTER FIFTY (Tiantong Jing)]507 * [https://www.sotozen.com/eng/library/denkoroku/pdf/CHAPTER_FIFTY-ONE.pdf CHAPTER FIFTY-ONE (Eihei Gen, or Eihei Dōgen)]521 * [https://www.sotozen.com/eng/library/denkoroku/pdf/CHAPTER_FIFTY-TWO.pdf CHAPTER FIFTY-TWO (Eihei Jō, or Eihei Ejō)]560

Refining Our Perception of Reality +

* Forewordix * Translator’s Introductionxi * The Excellent Path to Liberation1 ** I. General Guidance on How to Listen to the Teachings ** II. Specific Guidance on How to Listen to the Teachings * The Necklace That Delights Fortunate Disciples13 ** Introductory Verses15 ** The Introduction19 ** The Main Text27 *** I. The Foundation, Arriving at Certainty Through the View28 **** Nonexistence28 **** A Single Nature104 **** Pervasive Insubstantial Evenness127 **** Spontaneous Presence156 *** II. The Spiritual Path, How to Cultivate Experience in Meditation216 *** III. The Conduct That Accompanies the View and Meditation225 *** IV. The Final Result, Arrival at the Stage of Eternal Liberation241 * Acknowledgments257 * Appendix: The Excellent Path of Devotion259 **** ''An autobiography by Sera Khandro'' * Index299 +

Religions of Korea in Practice +

* ''Princeton Readings in Religions''v * ''Contents by Theme''ix *''Contents by Chronology'' xi * ''Preface''xiii * ''Major Periods in Korean History''xv * ''Note on Transliterations and Conventions''xvii * ''Contributors''xix * Introduction ⋅ ''Don Baker''1 <center>'''Buddhism'''</center> * 1. King Mu and the Making and Meanings of Mirǔksa ⋅ ''Jonathan W. Best''35 * 2. Wǒn’gwang and Chajang in the Formation of Early Silla Buddhism ⋅ ''Pankaj N. Mohan''51 * 3. A Miraculous Tale of Buddhist Practice during the Unified Silla ⋅ ''Richard D. McBride II''65 * 4. Buddhism as a Cure for the Land ⋅ ''Sem Vermeersch''76 * 5. The P’algwanhoe: From Buddhist Penance to Religious Festival ⋅ ''Sem Vermeersch''86 * 6. Hell and Other Karmic Consequences: A Buddhist Vernacular Song ⋅ ''Younghee Lee''100 * 7. A Buddhist Rite of Exorcism ⋅ ''Patrick R. Uhlmann''112 * 8. "A Crazy Drunken Monk": Kyǒnghǒ and Modern Buddhist Meditation Practice ⋅ ''Jin Y. Park''130 * 9. Educating Unborn Children: A Sǒn Master's Teachings on T’aegyo ⋅ ''Chong Go Sǔnim''144 <center>'''Confucianism and Neo-Confucianism'''</center> * 10. A Party for the Spirits: Ritual Practice in Confucianism ⋅ ''Hongkyung Kim''163 * 11. The Great Confucian-Buddhist Debate ⋅ ''Charles Muller''177 * 12. Confucianism and the Practice of Geomancy ⋅ ''Hong-key Yoon''205 * 13. Voices of Female Confucians in Late Chosǔn Korea ⋅ ''Youngmin Kim'' 223 <center>'''Shamanism'''</center> * 14. Yi Kyubo’s "Lay of the Old Shaman" ⋅ ''Richard D. McBride II''233 * 15. The Creation of the World and Human Suffering ⋅ ''Boudewijn Walraven''244 * 16. Sending Away the Smallpox Gods ⋅ ''Antonetta Lucia Bruno''259 * 17. Village Deities of Cheju Island ⋅ ''Boudewijn Walraven''284 * 18. Shamans, the Family, and Women ⋅ ''Boudewijn Walraven''306 * 19. A Shamanic Ritual for Sending On the Dead ⋅ ''Antonetta Lucia Bruno''325 <center>'''Christianity'''</center> * 20. Martyrdom and Social Activism: The Korean Practice of Catholicism ⋅ ''Inshil Choe Yoon''355 * 21. Catholic Rites and Liturgy ⋅ ''Franklin Rausch and Don Baker''376 * 22. Conversion Narratives in Korean Evangelicalism ⋅ ''Timothy S. Lee'' 393 * 23. A New Moral Order: Gender Equality in Korean Christianity ⋅ ''Hyaeweol Choi''409 * 24. Indigenized Devotional Practices in Korean Evangelicalism ⋅ ''Timothy S. Lee''421 * 25. The Grieving Rite: A Protestant Response to Confucian Ancestral Rituals ⋅'' James Huntley Grayson''434 <center>'''New Religions'''</center> * 26. The Great Transformation: Religious Practice in Ch’ǒndogyo ⋅ ''Don Baker''449 * 27. The Korean God Is Not the Christian God: Taejonggyo's Challenge to Foreign Religions ⋅ ''Don Baker''464 * 28. The Wǒn Buddhist Practice of the Buddha-Nature ⋅ ''Jin Y. Park''476 * 29. Renewing Heaven and Earth: Spiritual Discipline in Chǔngsan'gyo ⋅ ''Don Baker''487 * 30. Rites of Passage in the Unification Church ⋅ ''Don Baker''497 * 31. Internal Alchemy in the Dahn World School ⋅ ''Don Baker''508 <center>North Korea</center> * 32. The Sociopolitical Organism: The Religious Dimensions of Juche Philosophy ⋅ ''Eun Hee Shin''517 * Index535

Rong-ston on Buddha-Nature: A Commentary on the Fourth Chapter of the Ratnagotravibhāga +

* Foreword and acknowledgements 3 * Introduction 5 * 1. The doctrine of buddha-nature7 ** 1.1. Overview7 ** 1.2. Sources8 *** 1.2.1. The sūtras8 *** 1.2.2. The śāstras11 * 2. The ''Ratnagotravibhāga''14 ** 2.1. The text of the ''Ratnagotravibhāga''14 ** 2.2. The question of the authorship of the ''Ratnagotravibhāga''15 ** 2.3. The ''Ratnagotravibhāga'' in India16 ** 2.4. The ''Ratnagotravibhāga'' in Tibet17 *** 2.4.1. The analytical school of Blo-ldan shes-rab18 *** 2.4.2. The meditative school of Btsan Kha-bo-che21 ** 2.5. Previous studies and the aim of the present work22 * 3. Rong-ston and his presentation of buddha-nature25 ** 3.1. A short glimpse at the life of Rong-ston Shes-bya kun-rig25 ** 3.2. Rong-ston’s presentation of buddha-nature31 *** 3.2.1. Introduction31 *** 3.2.2. The buddha excellences and the ''dharmakāya''33 *** 3.2.3. The ''dhātu'' as a cause36 *** 3.2.4. The ''gotra'' and the luminous nature of the mind37 *** 3.2.5. Rong-ston and the ''Ratnagotravibhāgavyākhyā''40 *** 3.2.6. Summary41 * 4. Translation of Rong-ston’s commentary on RGV I.27–95[a]43 ** 4.1. Notes on the translation43 ** 4.2. The translation45 * Bibilography109 * Appendices119 ** Appendix I: Outline of the translation (''sab cad'')119 ** Appendix II: Zusammenfassung und Lebenslauf (German)123, 125 ** Appendix III: Tibetan text129

Rong-zom-pa's Discourses on Buddhology +

* '''Preface'''13 <center>'''Part One'''</center> <center>'''Introduction'''</center> * '''Chapter 1: Rong-zom-pa's Discussion of the Controversy Surrounding the Constituents of Buddhahood: An Overview'''23 ** 1. Introductory Remarks23 ** 2. Various Positions regarding the Constituents of Buddhahood25 ** 3. The Conceptions of Buddhahood Contained in Various Scriptural Systems27 ** 4. The Buddhist Doxographical Systems and Schools as the Basis of the Various Positions33 *** A. Three Incorrect Positions regarding the Substratum of Appearances34 **** (i) Undisputed (''rtsod gzhi med pa'') Positions35 **** (ii) Disputed (''rtsod gzhi beas pa'') Positions36 *** B. The Fourth and Correct Position regarding the Substratum of Appearances37 ** 5. Discussions of the Issue Found in Other Works of Rong-zom-pa38 ** 6. Concluding Remarks43 * '''Chapter 2: Buddhology in Its Historical and Philosophical Context: An Overview'''45 ** 1. Introductory Remarks45 ** 2. Non-Mahāyāna Buddhology47 *** A. Nirvāṇa without Remains and the Indirect Activities of the Buddha in the World47 *** B. The Notions of Transcendental and Multiple ''Buddhas'' and Their Fields51 ** 3. Non-Tantric Mahāyāna Buddhology53 *** A. The True Nature of the World as ''Nirvāṇa'' and the Inconceivability of Buddhahood56 *** B. Buddhahood as Defined by Qualities and the Notion of Unfixed ''Nirvāṇa''57 *** C. The Theory of the Three ''Kāyas''61 *** D. The Four Gnoses68 *** E. The Notion of Bliss70 ** 4. Tantric Buddhology76 *** A. ''Mantras'', ''Vidyās'', and ''Dhāraṇīs''81 *** B. ''Mudrās''88 *** C. Manifold Expressions of Buddhahood106 **** (i) Multiple Bodies108 **** (ii) Multiple Gnoses114 **** (iii) Multiple ''Buddha'' Families119 *** D. The Notion of Ādibuddha125 *** E. Wrathful Manifestations128 *** F. ''Maṇḍalas''130 *** G. The Notion of Great Bliss134 ** 5. Concluding Remarks137 * '''Chapter 3: The Controversy Surrounding the Existence of Gnosis at the Stage of a ''Buddha'' '''139 ** 1. Introductory Remarks139 ** 2. The Problem of Ascribing a Mental Element to the Absolute139 ** 3. The Mental Element of the Absolute and Yogācāra Theories of Knowledge142 ** 4. A Buddha's Knowledge (''jñāna'': ''ye shes''): A Brief Discussion of the Key Terms160 *** A. On the Tibetan Term ''ye shes''160 *** B. Non-conceptual Gnosis and Pure Mundane Gnosis163 ** 5. Unfixed ''Nirvāṇa'': The Absolute and Its Activity in the World171 ** 6. The Various Positions and Their Proponents176 *** A. Indian Authors177 **** (i) Proponents of the Purified ''Dharmadhātu'' as the Sole Constituent of Buddhahood (Position 1)177 ***** (a) *Madhyamaka-Siṃha177 ***** (b) Mañjuśrīmitra178 ***** (c) Atiśa179 ***** (d) Candraharipāda180 ***** (e) Bhavya180 **** (ii) Proponents of the Existence of the Purified ''Dharmadhātu'' and Non-Conceptual Gnosis (Position 2)181 ***** (a) Nāgamitra and Jñānacandra181 ***** (b) Dharmamitra182 **** (iii) Proponents of the Existence of Pure Mundane Gnosis (Positions 3-6)184 ***** (a) Śrīgupta184 *** B. Tibetan Authors up until the Eleventh or Early Twelfth Century185 ***** (a) Ye-shes-sde185 ***** (b) Gro-lung-pa186 ***** (c) sGam-po-pa186 ** 7. Concluding Remarks187 * '''Chapter 4: Rong-zom-pa's Position on Whether Gnosis Exists at the Stage of a ''Buddha'' '''189 ** 1. Introductory Remarks189 ** 2. Rong-zom-pa's View regarding the Existence of Gnosis at the Stage of a Buddha as Addressed by Mi-pham193 *** A. The Main Points of Mi-pham's Argumentation193 *** B. Mi-pham's Discussion: A Translation199 ** 3. Self-occurring Gnosis206 *** A. Occurrences of the Term in Indian Sources206 *** B. Rong-zom-pa on Self-occurring Gnosis215 ** 4. Rong-zom-pa on How the Buddhas Act220 ** 5. Rong-zom-pa's Madhyamaka Affiliation226 ** 6. Concluding Remarks232 <center>'''Part Two'''</center> <center>'''Annotated Translations'''</center> * A Note on the Annotated Translations235 * '''The ''Sangs rgyas kyi sa chen mo'' '''237 ** 1. An Outline of the Text237 ** 2. An Annotated Translation239 * '''The Discussion in the ''dKon cog 'grel'' '''277 ** 1. An Outline of the Text277 ** 2. An Annotated Translation278 * '''Works by Indian Authors'''299 ** 1. Proponents of the Purified ''Dharmadhātu'' as the Sole Constituent of Buddhahood299 *** A. *Madhyamaka-Siṃha's ''Dṛṣṭivibhāga''299 *** B. Mañjuśrīmitra's ''Bodhicittabhāvanānirdeśa''306 *** C. Atiśa's ''Ekasmṛtyupadeśa''310 *** D. Candraharipāda's ''Ratnamālā''311 *** E. Bhavya's ''Madhyamakapradīpa''315 ** 2. Proponents of the Existence of the Purified ''Dharmadhātu'' and Non-Conceptual Gnosis319 *** A. Nāgamitra's ''Kāyatrayāvatāramukha'' and Jñānacandra's Commentary, the ''Kāyatrayavṛtti''319 *** B. Dharmamitra's ''Prasphuṭapadā''336 ** 3. Proponents of the Existence of Pure Mundane Gnosis41 *** A. Śrīgupta's ''Tattvāvatāravṛtti''341 * '''Works by Tibetan Authors'''343 ** 1. Ye-shes-sde's ''lTa ba'i khyad par''343 ** 2. Gro-lung-pa's ''bsTan rim chen mo''347 ** 3. sGam-po-pa's ''Thar rgyan''352 <center>'''Part Three'''</center> <center>'''The Tibetan Texts: Critical Editions'''</center> * Introductory Remarks on the Critical Editions363 * '''Tibetan Texts Cited in the Introduction'''367 ** 1. Passages Cited in Chapter Two367 ** 2. Passages Cited in Chapter Four383 * '''The ''Sangs rgyas kyi sa chen mo'' '''391 ** 1. A Note on the Edition391 ** 2. A Critical Edition392 * '''The Discussion in the ''dKon cog 'grel'' '''411 ** 1. A Note on the Edition411 ** 2. A Critical Edition413 * '''Works by Indian Authors'''425 ** 1 . Proponents of the Purified ''Dharmadhātu'' as the Sole Constituent of Buddhahood425 *** A. *Madhyamaka-Siṃha's ''Dṛṣṭivibhāga''425 *** B. Mañjuśrīmitra's ''Bodhicittabhāvanānirdeśa''430 *** C. Atiśa's ''Ekasmṛtyupadeśa''435 *** D. Candraharipāda's ''Ratnamālā''436 *** E. Bhavya's ''Madhyamakapradīpa''438 ** 2. Proponents of the Existence of the Purified ''Dharmadhātu'' and Non-Conceptual Gnosis440 *** A. Nāgamitra's ''Kāyatrayāvatāramukha'' and Jñanacandra's Commentary, the ''Kāyatrayavṛtti''440 *** B. Dharmamitra's ''Prasphuṭapāda''453 ** 3. Proponents of the Existence of Pure Mundane Gnosis455 *** A. Śrīgupta's ''Tattvāvatāravṛtti''455 * '''Works by Tibetan Authors'''457 ** 1. Ye-shes-sde's ''lTa ba'i khyad par''457 ** 2. Gro-Iung-pa's ''bsTan rim chen mo''460 ** 3. sGam-po-pa's ''Thar rgyan''463 <center>'''Appendix'''</center> * '''Klong-chen-pa's Presentation of Various Conceptions of Buddhahood in His ''Yid kyi mun sel'' '''475 ** 1. Introductory Remarks475 ** 2. A Translation478 ** 3. The Tibetan Text482 * '''Abbreviations and Bibliography'''485 ** 1.1. Sigla Used in the Critical Editions and in Citations of Tibetan Texts485 ** 1.2. Journals, Collections, Series, and Institutes486 ** 1.3. Primary Sources: Indian Works487 ** 1.4. Primary Sources: Tibetan Works500 ** 1.5. Secondary Sources507 * '''Index'''527

Ryōgen and Mount Hiei +

** ''List of Tables and Figures''''ix'' ** ''Preface''''xi'' ** ''Abbreviations''''xv'' * 1. Ryōgen's Place in the History of the Tendai School1 * 2. The Early History of Factionalism within the Tendai School: From Saicho through the Mid-tenth Century15 * 3. Ryōgen's Early Years45 * 4. Ryōgen's Rise to Prominence56 * 5. Ryōgen and the Fujiwaras: Patronage and Esoteric Buddhist Ritual71 * 6. The Owa Debates94 * 7. Ryōgen's Appointments as Head of the Tendai School and to the Office of Monastic Affairs118 * 8. The Significance of Ryōgen's Revival of the Examination System128 * 9. Rebuilding the Tendai Establishment on Mount Hiei167 * 10. Ryōgen as Zasu: Financing the Spread of Tendai Influence190 * 11. Factionalism and Ryōgen's Efforts to Control the Order218 * 12. Ryōgen and the Role of Nuns in Ninth- and Tenth-century Japan245 * 13. Epilogue: Ryōgen's Posthumous Career289 * ''Appendix 1''. Ennin and Yokawa305 * ''Appendix 2''. A Note on Morosuke's Interests311 * ''Appendix 3''. Dying Instructions of the Great Archbishop Jie313 * ''Appendix 4''. Takamitsu’s Retreat to Tonomine 327 * ''Appendix 5''. A Record of the Owa Debates331 * ''Appendix 6''. Ten Doubts concerning the Hosso School337 * ''Appendix 7''. Zoga as an Eccentric341 * ''Appendix 8''. Invocation of Tendai Abbot Ryogen345 ** ''Notes''367 ** ''Glossary''463 ** ''Bibliography''491 ** ''Index''511