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The point at which an enlightened being leaves their earthly body. +
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The basis of all concentrations, a calm, undistracted state of un wavering concentration. +
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See Great Vehicle. +
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lit. “beyond suffering” or “the transcendence of misery.” While this can be loosely understood as the goal of Buddhist practice, the opposite of saṃsāra or cyclic existence, it is important to realize that the term is understood differently by the different vehicles. The nirvāṇa of the Lesser Vehicle, the peace of cessation that an arhat attains, is very different from a buddha’s “nondwelling” nirvāṇa, the state of perfect enlightenment that transcends both saṃsara and nirvāṇa. +
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lit. “that cannot be mentioned” or “cannot be praised.” This term covers every kind of action that results in suffering and not only the most serious kinds of wrong doing. Shameful deeds are divided into those that are naturally negative and those that are negative in that they involve breaches of vows. +
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Also called remedy or remedial method. Any means used for eliminating defilements and other factors that hinder the attainment of happiness and enlightenment. +
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see collection. +
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A fifth-sixth-century Indian Abhidharma scholar. He was a disciple of Vasubandhu and wrote numerous commentaries on his master’s works. +
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The third of the five paths, the stage at which a bodhisattva in medication gains a genuine experience of emptiness and attains the first of the ten levels. +
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An aspect or dimension of buddhahood. Generally four in number: the body of truth, body of perfect enjoyment, body of manifestation, and the body of the essential nature. +
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Also translated in this book as “actions,” or as “past deeds.” Implied in the use of this term is the force created by a positive or negative action which is then stored in an individual’s stream of being and persists until it is experienced as pleasure or pain (usually in another life), after which the deed is said to be exhausted or spent. Although the Sanskrit term ''karma'' simply means “action,” it has come to be widely used to signify the result produced by past deeds (Tib. ''las kyi ’bras bu''), which is sometimes wrongly equated with destiny or fate, that is, with something beyond one’s control. In the Buddhist teachings, the principle of karma covers the whole process of deeds leading to results in future lives, and this is taught as being something that is very definitely within one’s control. +
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The truth of suffering, the truth of the origin of suffering, the truth of cessation, and the truth of the path. These constitute the foundation of Buddha Śākyamuni’s doctrine, the first teaching that he gave (at Sarnath near Varanasi) after attaining enlightenment. +
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Also called vast aspect. That aspect of the teachings and practice, based on the Buddha’s third turning of the wheel of the Dharma and the teachings of Asaṅga and his followers, that stress the buddha nature (tathāgatagarbha) and the extensive activities, levels, and so on of the bodhisattvas. +
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Also called dominant āyatanas. The power to control and transform characteristics such as size, shape, color, and so on. +
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The first of the four results of the listeners’ path, one who has completed the listeners’ path of seeing. +
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The threefold training in discipline, concentration, and wisdom. +
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The bodhisattva’s spiritual intent, the mind set on perfect enlightenment. On the relative level, it is the wish to attain buddhahood for the sake of all beings, as well as the practice of the path of love, compassion, the six transcendent perfections, and so forth, necessary for achieving that goal; on the ultimate level, it is the direct insight into the ultimate nature. +
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The twelve factors or stages through which the process of birth and rebirth in cyclic existence takes place. They are ignorance, conditioning factors, consciousness, name-and-form, the sense powers, contact, feeling, craving, grasping, becoming, birth, and aging-and-death. +
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The second of the three worlds, comprising the twelve realms of the four concentrations and the five pure abodes. +
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Emptiness, absence of attributes, and absence of expectancy. +
