lit. “continuity” or “continuum.” Also translated as “stream of being,” or simply “mind.” This term denotes that aspect of an individual that continues from one moment to the next and from one life time to the next, and which therefore includes the individual’s stock of positive and negative deeds along with their positive and negative habitual tendencies. +
Also called celestial beings. A class of beings who, as a result of accumulating positive actions in previous lives, experience immense happiness and comfort and are therefore considered by non-Buddhists as the idealstate to which they should aspire. According to the Buddhist teachings, however, they have not attained freedom from cyclic existence. Those in the world of form and world of formlessness experience an extended form of the meditation they practiced (without the aim of achieving liberation from cyclic existence) in their previous life. Gods like Indra and others of the six classes of gods of the world of desire possess, as a result of their merit, a certain power to affect the lives of other beings and they are therefore worshipped, for example by Hindus. The same Tibetan and Sanskrit term is also used to refer to enlightened beings, in which case it is more usually translated as “deity.” +
The immense mountain, wider at the top than at the bottom, that forms the center of the universe around which the four continents of the world are disposed, according to ancient Indian cosmology. +
The opposite of supramundane, anything that does not transcend saṃsāra. Translations of this term as “ordinary” or “worldly” can be misleading since meditators who have mastered the four dhyānas (but without being liberated from saṃsāra), and who have immense powers of concentration, magical powers, and so forth, cannot really be called “ordinary,” nor are they worldly in the sense of being materialistically minded and interested only in the present world. +
The first of the five paths, according to the Great Vehicle. On this path, one accumulates the causes that will make it possible to proceed toward enlightenment. +
In Buddhism, a manifestation of supreme enlightenment in the form of sound: a series of syllables that, especially in the sādhanas of the Secret Mantrayāna, protect the mind of the practitioner from ordinary perceptions and invoke the wisdom deities. Mantras are also used in non-Buddhist spiritual practices and as spells in black magic. +
Also called sense bases, sources of perception, and so on. The twelve āyatanas comprise the six sense organs and the six sense objects. Together, they give rise to the six sense consciousnesses. +