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'Gos Lo tsā ba gZhon nu dpal's Commentary on the Ratnagotravibhāgavyākhyā +

* Introductionix * Bibliographyxviii * ''Theg pa chen po rgyud bla ma'i bstan bcos kyi 'grel bshad de kho nyid rab tu gsal ba'i me long''1 * ''De bzhin gshegs pa'i snying po'i le'u''2 * ''Byang chub kyi le'u''453 * ''Yon tan gyi le'u''508 * ''Phrin las kyi le'u''527 * ''Phan yon gyi le'u''559 +

A

A Buddha Within: The Tathāgatagarbhasūtra +

* Preface7 * Acknowledgements8 * Technical Note: My Use of the Asterisk10 * I A Study and Annotated Translation of the ''Tathāgatagarbhasūtra''11 ** A General Study and Text-historical Considerations12 *** 1 Textual History and Structure of the TGS16 **** 1.1 Different Recensions of the TGS16 **** 1.2 The Representatives of TGS224 **** 1.3 Similarities between the Chinese Translations27 **** 1.4 Structure, Contents and Textual History of the TGS27 **** 1.5 The Structure, Nature and Contents of the Nine Similes34 *** 2 The Meaning and Occurrences of the Term ''tathāgatagarbha''39 **** 2.1 The Term ''tathāgatagarbha''39 **** 2.2 The Textual Occurrences of the Terms ''tathāgatagarbha'' and ''garbha''46 *** 3 The Buddha-Nature Doctrine in the TGS50 **** 3.1 The Buddha-Nature50 **** 3.2 Becoming a Buddha62 **** 3.3 How to Become a Buddha65 *** 4 The TGS as a Part of lndian Buddhism: Its Sources, Motives and Reception67 **** 4.1 The Titles of the TGS68 **** 4.2 The Recorded Chinese Translations of the TGS69 **** 4.3 Possible Motives of the Authors of the TGS75 **** 4.4 The TGS in the History of lndian Buddhism77 **** 4.5 The TGS in the ''Ratnagotravibhāga(vyākhyā)'' and Other Indian Texts84 **** 4.6 The Twentieth-Century Reception of the TGS90 ** B An Annotated Translation of the ''Tathāgatagarbhasūtra'' into English 93 * II Critical and Diplomatic Editions of the ''Tathāgatagarbhasūtra''163 ** C The Textual Materials164 *** 1 Information on the Tibetan Manuscripts and Xylographic Editions Utilized164 **** A The Tabo Manuscript Fragments164 **** B -The Berlin Manuscript Kanjur165 **** Bth - The Newark Manuscript Kanjur from Bathang166 **** Bu - The Citation in Bu ston Rin chen grub's ''De bzhin gshegs pa 'i snying po gsal zhing mdzes par byed pa 'i rgyan''167 **** D - The Derge Kanjur (Nyingma Edition)167 **** J - The 'Jang sa tham or Lithang Kanjur168 **** L-The Shel dkar Manuscript Kanjur (London)169 **** N - The Narthang Kanjur 169 **** P1, Pi, P1 - The Phug brag Ms Kanjur170 **** Q - The Peking Kanjur (Otani Reprint)171 **** S The Stog Palace ManuscriptK anjur171 **** T- The Tokyo Manuscript Kanjur172 *** 2 The Stemmatic Relations among the Representatives of Tib172 **** 2.1 The Three Phug brag Versions 173 **** 2.2 The Kanjurs of the Tshal pa Lineage 177 **** 2.3 The Them spangs ma Kanjurs186 **** 2.4 The Position of Bu191 **** 2.5 The Position of A192 **** 2.6 The Relation of the Main Transmissional Groups to Each Other 193 **** 2.7 Possible Stemmas of Tib203 *** 3 Characteristics of the Textual Witnesses of Tib207 **** 3.1 Archaic Features207 **** 3.2 Irregular Verbal Forms208 **** 3.3 Colophons and Translators210 *** 4 A Brief Evaluation of the Chinese Materials213 *** 5 Remarks on the Various Editions214 **** 5. I Principles Governing the Critical Edition of Tib214 **** 5 .2 Remarks on All Editions and Their Critical Apparatuses215 **** 5.3 The Editions of the Tibetan Translations216 **** 5.4 The Chinese Editions218 ** D The Editions221 *** The Critical and Diplomatic Editions221 *** Apparatus of Secondary Variants370 *** Sigla, Symbols and Graphic Devices of the Tibetan Material391 *** Sigla and Graphic Devices of the Chinese Material392 ** E Appendices395 *** Appendix A: Comparative Chart of the Bodhisattva Names in OE396 *** Appendix B: Comparative Chart of Pada Sequences398 *** Appendix C: Comparative Table of Sections and Chapters of the Chinese and Tibetan Editions400 ** Bibliography405 ** Primary Sources, with Abbreviations405 ** Select Secondary Sources412 ** Index427

A Buddhist Bible (1938) +

* Prefacev *Selections from Pali Sources ** The Historic Buddha, Narasu3 ** The Word of the Buddha, Nyanatiloka22 ** Tevigga Sutta, Rhys-Davids61 ** 118th Discourse, Chao Kung73 *Selections from Sanskrit Sources ** Maha-Prajna-Paramita-Hridaya, Goddard85 ** The Diamond Sutra, Wai-tao87 ** The Surangama Sutra, Wai-tao108 ** Lankavatara Scripture, Suzuki and Goddard277 ** The Awakening of Faith, Wai-tao357 *Selections from Chinese Sources ** Tao-teh-king, Wai-tao407 ** Dhyana for Beginners, Wai-tao437 ** Sutra Spoken by the Sixth Patriarch, Wong Mou-lam497 *Selections from Tibetan Sources ** The Life and Hymns of Milarepa, Evans-Wentz561 ** The Supreme Path, Evans-Wentz600 *Selections from Modern Sources ** Homeless Brothers, Yamabe625 ** Practising the Seventh Stage, Goddard634 * Summary of Buddha’s Dharma645 * Appendix659 +

A Clear Differentiation of the Three Codes +

* Forewordix * Acknowledgmentsxi * Note on Transcriptionxii * List of Abbreviationsxiii *Part I: Sakya Pandita’s Life and Work ** Introduction3 *Part II: A Clear Differentiation of the Three Codes ** Prologue39 ** Vows of Individual Liberation41 ** Vows of the Bodhisattva81 ** Vows of the Vajra Vehicle95 ** Epilogue199 *Part III: Six Letters by Sakya Pandita ** 1. Reply to the Questions of the Translator from Chak205 ** 2. Reply to the Questions of the Translator of Lowo225 ** 3. A Letter to the Noble-Minded229 ** 4. A Letter to the Buddhas and Bodhisattvas of the Ten Directions241 ** 5. Reply to the Questions of Dokorwa the Kadampa259 ** 6. Reply to the Questions of Namkha Bum the Kadampa267 * Appendix A: Gorampa's Outline of A Clear Differentiation of the Three Codes273 * Appendix B: Transliteration of the Tibetan Text of A Clear Differentiation of the Three Codes277 * Glossary331 * Bibliography337 * Index349 * About the Cover370 +

A Commentary on The Uttara Tantra (Pre-publication edition) +

* 1. Introduction to the Uttara Tantra 1 * 2. The Buddha 21 * 3. The Dharma 28 * 4. The Sangha 39 * 5. Introduction to Book II 50 * 6. Buddha Nature (The 10 Aspects) 55 * 7. Buddha Nature (The 9 Examples) 85 * 8. Enlightenment (1-5 Aspects) 102 * 9. Enlightenment (6-10 Aspects) 121 * 10. The Qualities of Buddhahood 150 * 11. Buddha Activity 170 * 12 The Benefits of the Text 185 ** Appendix A: Technical Terms 197 ** Appendix B: Spellings of Tibetan words 208 ** Appendix C: Biography of Thrangu Rinpoche 211 +

A Comparison of the Concepts of Buddha-Nature and Dao-Nature of Medieval China +

* '''Introduction'''1 * 1. Discussion of previous scholarship2 * 2. Methods and questions addressed in this project8 * 3. The significance of the idea that insentient things have buddha-nature for East Asian Buddhism15 * 4. Background: The legitimacy of the idea that insentient things have buddha- nature in non-Chinese sources17 * 5. The definition of "sentient beings"25 * 6. Chapter summaries32 * '''Chapter 1: An Examination of the Relationship between Human Nature and the Nature of Inanimate Things in Chinese Thought'''36 * 1. The discussion of xing 性 in terms of the nature of mind before Xuanxue 玄學 (Arcane Study)38 * 2. The discussion of xing in terms of ontology49 ** 2.1 The discussion of xing in terms of Daoist ontology before Arcane Study49 ** 2.2 The discussion of xing in terms of ontology in Arcane Study58 * 3. The taxonomy of Daoism81 * 4. Conclusion84 * '''Chapter 2: A Discussion of Dao-Nature in Practical Daoism'''87 * 1. The discussion of dao-nature in practical Daoism91 ** 1.1 Tao Hongjing's 陶弘景 discussion of dao-nature92 ** 1.2 Song Wenming's 宋文明 discussion of dao-nature98 *** 1.2.1 The authorship of the Daode yiyuan 道德義淵98 *** 1.2.2 Song Wenming's discussion of dao-nature108 * 2. The discussion of dao-nature in the Tang dynasty (618–907 A.D.)114 * 3. Conclusion128 * '''Chapter 3: A Discussion of Jizang's 吉藏 Argument that Grasses and Trees Have Buddha-Nature'''130 * 1. Sentient beings: Are they buddha-nature or do they have buddha-nature?136 * 2. Jizang's definition of buddha-nature138 * 3. An examination of Jizang's argument of buddha-nature in an ontological view157 ** 3.1 The meaning of the word li 理 (principle) and the method of linei-liwai 理內理外 (within li, beyond li)157 ** 3.2 An examination of Jizang's argument that insentient things have buddha-nature177 * 4. A comparison of Jizang's discussion of buddha-nature with the dao-nature of Daoism182 * 5. Conclusion184 * '''Chapter 4: An Examination of Zhanran's 湛然 Discussion of Buddha-Nature'''189 * 1. An examination of Zhanran's argument of insentient things having buddha- nature195 * 2. Zhanran's definition and interpretation of buddha-nature203 ** 2.1 Zhanran's discussion of nature203 ** 2.2 Zhanran's definition of buddha-nature205 ** 2.3 The relationship between unity and diversity220 * 3. An investigation of Chinese thought in Zhanran's Fuxing 輔行 (止觀輔行傳弘決) and its association with Zhanran's discussion of buddha-nature223 * 4. Conclusion243 * '''Conclusion: A Comparison of Buddha-Nature and Dao-Nature'''247 * '''Bibliography'''266

A Complete Session of Meditation +

* Introductionv <center>I. Possibilities</center> * Your Enlightened Core3 * Great Beings Talk About the Enlightened Core9 <center>II. Overview</center> * Overview of the Path of Meditation23 <center>III. A Complete Session of Meditation</center> *''Preparations'': ** Taking Refuge and Arousing Enlightenment Mind31 *''Main Practices'': ** Development of Insight into Reality Through the Practices of Shamatha and Vipashyana51 ** The Key Points of the Body: Posture55 ** The Key Points of Mind: Shamatha57 ** The Key Points of Mind: Vipashyana: The Two Truths and Emptiness73 ** The Key Points of Mind: Vipashyana: Emptiness Progressively Understood Through the Four Schools of Buddhist Philosophy91 ** The Key Points of Mind: Vipashyana: Emptiness Known Through Examination of Time103 ** The Key Points of Mind: Vajra Vehicle Meditations on Reality105 *''Conclusion'': ** Dedication, The Seal119 * Glossary123 +

A Direct Path to the Buddha Within +

* Abbreviationsviii * Prefaceix * Introduction1 ** General Remarks1 ** Delimitation of the Subject and Methods Employed3 ** The ''Ratnagotravibhāga'' and Its ''Vyākhyā''7 ** The Reaction of Mainstream Mahāyāna to the Theory of Buddha Nature17 * Part I:The Tibetan Historical Context ** 1. The Development of Various Traditions of Interpreting Buddha Nature25 *** Ngog Loden Sherab's Analytical Interpretation of the ''Ratnagotravibhāga''25 *** ''Ratnagotravibhāga'' Commentaries in the Meditation Tradition32 *** The Mahāmudrā Interpretation of the ''Ratnagotravibhāga''34 *** The Zhentong Interpretation of the ''Ratnagotravibhāga''45 ** 2. Various Positions Related to Zhönu Pal's Interpretation49 *** The Position of the Third Karmapa Rangjung Dorjé51 *** The Position of Dölpopa Sherab Gyaltsen75 *** The Position of Sabzang Mati Panchen84 *** The Position of Lodrö Tsungmé91 *** The Position of Longchen Rabjampa98 *** The Position of Barawa Gyaltsen Palzang113 *** A Comparison of the Positions125 ** 3. A Short Account of the Most Important Events in Zhönu Pal's Life131 * Part II: Translation ** 4. Zhönu Pal's Ratnagotravibhagavyākhya Commentary151 *** Translator's Introduction151 *** Technical Notes154 *** ''The Commentary on the Treatise "Mahāyāna-Uttaratantra": The Mirror Showing Reality Very Clearly'' (Introduction and Initial Commentaries)157 **** Introduction157 **** The Commentary for Those with Sharp Faculties169 **** The Commentary for Those with Average Faculties180 ***** The Explanation of RGV I.1181 ***** The Explanation of RGV I.2204 ****** The Three Jewels: Buddha, Dharma, and Saṅgha205 ****** Buddha Nature and Its Purification through the Three Dharmacakras214 ****** Enlightenment, Buddha Qualities, and Activity309 ***** A Short Explanation of RGV I.3312 * Part III. Zhonu Pal's Views on Buddha Qualities, Emptiness and Mahamudra ** 5. Buddha Qualities317 *** General Remarks317 *** Different Views on Buddha Qualities318 *** The Blossoming of Subtle Qualities320 *** The Examples Used to Illustrate the Growth of the Qualities342 *** The Ontological Status of the Buddha Qualities344 ** 6. Two Types of Emptiness351 ** 7. Zhönu Pal's Mahāmudrā Interpretation of the ''Ratnagotravibhāga''367 *** The ''Ratnagotravibhāga'' as a Basis for Mahāmudrā Instructions367 *** The Three Dharmacakras: Mahāmudrā Hermeneutics368 *** The Mahāmudrā Approach of Yogic Direct Valid Cognitions373 *** Sūtra-Based Mahāmudrā Meditation377 **** The First Mahāmudrā Yoga of One-Pointedness381 **** The Second Mahāmudrā Yoga of Freedom from Mental Fabrications382 **** The Third Mahāmudrā Yoga of One Taste384 **** The Fourth Mahāmudrā Yoga of Nonmeditation385 **** The Four Mahāmudrā Yogas and the ''Ratnagotravibhāga''386 *** Zhönu Pal's Justification of a Sudden Mahāmudrā Path397 *** Pairs of Paradoxes406 ** 8. Conclusion411 * Notes423 * Table of Tibetan Transliteration555 * Bibliography565 * Subject Index589 * Indian Text Index607

A Distant Mirror +

* Foreword9 * Michael Zimmermann * Acknowledgements13 * Introduction15 * Michael Radich and Chen-kuo Lin * Chinese Translations of ''Pratyakṣa''33 * Funayama Toru * Epistemology and Cultivation in Jingying Huiyuan’s ''Essay on the Three Means of Valid Cognition''63 * Chen-kuo Lin * The Theory of ''Apoha'' in Kuiji's ''Cheng weishi lun Shuji''101 * Shoryu Katsura * A Comparison between the Indian and Chinese Interpretations of the Antinomic Reason (''Viruddhāvyabhicārin'')121 * Shinya Moriyama * The Problem of Self-Refuting Statements in Chinese Buddhist Logic151 * Jakub Zamorski * A Re-examination of the Relationship between the ''Awakening of Faith'' and Dilun School Thought, Focusing on the Works of Huiyuan183 * Ching Keng * A Pivotal Text for the Definition of the Two Hindrances in East Asia: Huiyuan's "Erzhang yi" Chapter217 * A. Charles Muller * On the Notion of ''Kaidaoyi'' (*''Avakāśadānāśraya'') as Discussed in Xuanzang's ''Cheng weishi lun''271 * Junjie Chu * Yogācāra Critiques of the Two Truths313 * Zhihua Yao * Philosophical Aspects of Sixth-Century Chinese Buddhist Debates on "Mind and Consciousness"337 * Hans-Rudolf Kantor * The Way of Nonacquisition: Jizang’s Philosophy of Ontic Indeterminacy397 * Chien-hsing Ho * Divided Opinion among Chinese Commentators on Indian Interpretations of the Parable of the Raft in the ''Vajracchedikā''419 * Yoke Meei Choong * Ideas about "Consciousness" in Fifth and Sixth Century Chinese Buddhist Debates on the Survival of Death by the Spirit, and the Chinese Background to *''Amalavijñāna''471 * Michael Radich * The Process of Awakening in Early Texts on Buddha-Nature in India513 * Michael Zimmermann * About the Authors529 * Index535

A Feast of the Nectar of the Supreme Vehicle +

* Foreword by Jigme Khyentse Rinpoche xiii * Translator’s Introduction xv *Ornament of the Mahāyāna Sūtras: The Root Verses ** 1. The First Chapter 3 ** 2. Establishing the Great Vehicle as the Buddhas Word 5 ** 3. Refuge 9 ** 4. The Potential 13 ** 5. The Spiritual Intent: Bodhicitta 15 ** 6. Practice 19 ** 7. Thatness 21 ** 8. Powers 23 ** 9. Full Maturation 25 ** 10. Enlightenment 29 ** 11. Interest 41 ** 12. Thorough Investigation 45 ** 13. Teaching the Dharma 57 ** 14. Practicing the Dharma 61 ** 15. Instructions and Follow-Up Teachings 67 ** 16. Skillful Activity 75 ** 17. Transcendent Perfections and Ways of Attracting Disciples 77 ** 18. Offering, Reliance, and Boundless Attitudes 89 ** 19. Elements Leading to Enlightenment 99 ** 20. Qualities 113 ** 21. Conduct and Consummation 125 *A Feast of the Nectar of the Supreme Vehicle: The Commentary ** Preamble, Title, and Translator’s Homage 137 ** Introduction 139 *''Part One: What Is to Be Established: Establishingthe Great Vehicleas the Buddha’s Word'' ** 1. General Presentation 151 ** 2. Specific Explanations 155 *''Part Two: What Is to Be Specifically Known'' ** 3. Refuge 171 ** 4. The Potential 183 ** 5. The Spiritual Intent: Bodhicitta 197 ** 6. Practice 221 *''Part Three: What Is to Be Reflected Upon'' ** 7. Thatness 133 ** 8. Powers 149 ** 9. Full Maturation 259 *''Part Four: The Inconceivable, That Which Is beyond Reflection'' ** 10. Enlightenment 279 ** Recapitulation 339 *''Part Five: The Approach to Enlightenment'' *Preliminaries ** 11. Interest 345 ** 12. Thorough Investigation 359 ** 13. Teaching the Dharma 447 ** 14. Practicing the Dharma 473 ** 15. Instructions and Follow-Up Teachings 491 ** Intermediate Summary 519 *Main Explanation ** 16. Skillful Activity 521 ** 17. Transcendent Perfections and Ways of Attracting Disciples 525 ** 18. Offering, Reliance, and Boundless Attitudes 579 ** 19. Elements Leading to Enlightenment 629 ** 20. Qualities 731 ** 21. Conduct and Consummation 797 ** Conclusion 843 * Appendix 1: Structural Outline 847 * Appendix 2: The Five Bodhisattva Paths and the Thirty-Seven Elements Leading to Enlightenment 863 * Appendix 3: The Three Worlds and Six Realms 867 * Glossary 871 * Works Cited 887 * Bibliography 891 * Index 893

A Fine Blend of Mahamudra and Madhyamaka +

* Abbreviationsviii * Prefaceix * Introduction1 ** General Remarks1 ** A Summary of the Amanasikāra Cycle and the *''Mahāmudrākanakamālā''7 ** Maitrīpa’s Life Story in the '''Bri gung bKa' brgyud chos mdzod''23 * The Collection of Texts on Non-conceptual Realization (The ''Amanasikāra Cycle'')41 ** 1. The Destruction of Wrong Views (''Kudrstinirghātana'')41 ** 2. A Commentary on the [Initial] Statement of "The Destruction of Wrong Views" (''Kudrstinirghātavākyatippinikā'')51 ** 3. The Major Offences (''Mūlūpattayah'')55 ** 4. The Gross Offences (''Sthūlāpattayah'')57 ** 5. A Jewel Garland of True Reality (''Tattvaratndvalī'')59 ** 6. Explaining the Seals of the Five Tathāgatas (''Pañcatathāgatamudrāvivaraṇa'')95 ** 7. A Presentation of Empowerment (''Sekanirdeśa'')107 ** 8. The Succession of the Four Seals (''Caturmudrānvaya'')119 ** 9. A Summary of the Meaning of Empowerment (''Sekatātparyasaṃgraha'')133 ** 10. The Five Aspects [of Vajrasattva] ([''Vajrasattva''-]''Pañcākāra'')147 ** 11. A Discourse on Illusion (''Māyānirukti'')155 ** 12. A Discourse on Dream (''Svapnanirukti'')159 ** 13. An Elucidation of True Reality (''Tattvaprakāśa'')163 ** 14. An Elucidation of Non-Abiding (''Apratiṣṭhānaprakāśa'')169 ** 15. An Elucidation of [the Term] "Indivisible union" (''Yuganaddhaprakāśa'')175 ** 16. The Manifestation of Great Bliss (''Mahāsukhaprakāśa'')181 ** 17. The Twenty Verses on True Reality (''Tattvaviṃśikā'')187 ** 18. The Twenty Verses on Mahāyāna (''Mahāyānaviṃśikā'')193 ** 19. The Five Verses on Penetrating Insight (''Nirvedhapañcaka'')199 ** 20. The Six Verses on the Middle [Path] (''Madhyamaṣaṭka'')203 ** 21. The Five [Verses on Transcendent] Love (''Premapañcaka'')207 ** 22. The Ten Verses on True Reality (''Tattvadaśaka'')211 ** 23. A Justification of Non-conceptual Realization (''Amanasikārādhāra'')241 ** 24. The Six Verses on the Co-emergent (''Sahajaṣaṭka'')259 ** 25. A Pith Instruction on Reality Called A Treasure of Dohas (*''Dohānidhināmatattvopadeśa'')263 ** 26. A Pith Instruction on Settling the Mind Without Becoming Engaged in the Thought Processes of Projecting and Gathering—A Genuine Secret (''Shes pa spro bsdu med par 'jog pa'i man ngag gsang ba dam pa'')269 ** 27. A Golden Garland of Mahāmudrā (*''Mahāmudrākanakamālā'')273 ** Conclusion315 * Edition of the Sanskrit and Tibetan Texts319 ** General Remarks319 ** 1. ''Kudṛṣṭinirghātana''323 ** 2. ''Kudṛṣṭinirghātavākyaṭippinikā''333 ** 3. ''Mūlāpattayah''337 ** 4. ''Sthūlāpattayah''339 ** 5. ''Tattvaratnāvalī''341 ** 6. ''Pañcatathāgatamudrāvivaraṇa''371 ** 7. ''Sekanirdeśa''385 ** 8. ''Caturmudrānvaya''389 ** 9. ''Sekatātparyasaṃgraha''403 ** 10. ''[Vajrasattva-]Pañcākāra''415 ** 11. ''Māyānirukti''427 ** 12. ''Svapnanirukti''433 ** 13. ''Tattvaprakāśa''437 ** 14. ''Apratiṣṭhānaprakāśa''443 ** 15. ''Yuganaddhaprakāśa''447 ** 16. ''Mahāsukhaprakāśa''451 ** 17. ''Tattvaviṃśikā''457 ** 18. ''Mahāyānaviṃśikā''465 ** 19. ''Nirvedhapañcaka''473 ** 20. ''Madhyamaṣaṭka''477 ** 21. ''Premapañcaka''481 ** 22. ''Tattvadaśaka''485 ** 23. ''Amanasikārādhāra''489 ** 24. ''Sahajaṣaṭka''499 ** 25. *''Dohānidhināmatattvopadeśa''503 ** 26. ''Shes pa spro bsdu med par 'jog pa'i man ngag gsang ba dam pa''507 ** 27. *''Mahāmudrākanakamālā''511 * Bibliography543 ** Primary Sources (Indian)543 ** Primary Sources (Tibetan)549 ** References551 * Index559

A Gathering of Brilliant Moons +

* Foreword * Ringu Tulku ix * Preface xi * Introduction 1 ** Holly Gayley and Joshua Schapiro * Part I: Worldly Counsel 21 ** 1. Facing Your Mind 23 *** Jamgön Kongtrul and Dudjom Lingpa **** Translated by John Canti ** 2. Playful Primers on the Path 47 *** Dza Patrul Rinpoché **** Translated by Joshua Schapiro ** 3. Dictums for Developing Virtue 83 *** Shangtön Tenpa Gyatso **** Translated by Gedun Rabsal and Nicole Willock ** 4. Bold Judgments on Eating Meat 97 *** Shardza Tashi Gyaltsen **** Translated by Geoffrey Barstow ** 5. A Letter to the Queen 109 *** Jikmé Lingpa and Getsé Mahāpaṇḍita **** Translated by Jann Ronis * Part II: Meditation Advice 123 ** 6. Advice for Solitary Retreat 125 *** Do Khyentsé, Dza Patrul Rinpoché, and the Third Dodrupchen **** Translated by Holly Gayley ** 7. Encouragement to Pursue the Path 171 *** Bamda Thupten Gelek Gyatso **** Translated by Michael Sheehy ** 8. How to Practice When Ill 191 *** Jikmé Lingpa **** Translated by Wulstan Fletcher ** 9. An Intimate Exhortation 201 *** Tokden Śākya Śrī **** Translated by Amy Holmes-Tagchungdarpa ** 10. A Meditation Instructor’s Manual 211 *** Dza Patrul Rinpoché **** Translated by Sarah Harding * Part III: Esoteric Instructions 239 ** 11. Pointing to the Nature of Awareness 241 *** Ju Mipham Rinpoché **** Translated by Douglas Duckworth ** 12. [[Articles/Putting_Buddha_Nature_into_Practice|Putting Buddha Nature into Practice]] 251 *** Jamgön Kongtrul **** Translated by Tina Draszczyk ** 13. Instructions on the Great Perfection 285 *** Jamgön Kongtrul **** Translated by Marc-Henri Deroche * Glossary 303 * Tibetan Proper Names 317 * Contributors 327

A Lamp to Illuminate the Five Stages +

* General Editor’s Prefacexiii * Translator's Introduction1 * Technical Note17 A Lamp to Illuminate the Five Stages :''Core Teachings on the Glorious Guhyasamāja, King of Tantras'' * 1. Homage and Introduction21 *Part 1. Divisions of Highest Yoga Tantra ** 2. The Two Types of Tantra25 ** 3. Specific Explanation of Guhyasamāja Method Tantra43 ** 4. Praise of Guhyasamāja55 ** 5. Commentarial Traditions59 *Part 2. The Path of Guhyasamāja ** 6. Training in the Guhyasamāja75 ** 7. The Two Stages83 ** 8. Explanation of Evām and of Bliss and Emptiness91 ** 9. The Necessity of Penetrating Vital Points on the Body 123 *Part 3. The Divisions o f the Completion Stage ** 10. The Core Instruction 137 ** 11. TheFiveStages 143 *Part 4. Body Isolation ** 12. Identifying Body Isolation 167 ** 13. Types of Body Isolation 181 ** 14. How Body Isolation Is Incorporated into the Six Yogas 191 ** 15. The Practice o f Body Isolation 199 *Part 5. Speech Isolation ** 16. Identifying Speech Isolation 213 ** 17. Divisions,Functions, and Movement of the Winds 217 ** 18. Significance of the Mantras 253 ** 19. Prānāyāma Meditations 267 ** 20. Vajra Repetition 295 ** 21 . Experiences in Prānāyāma Meditation 309 *Part 6. Mind Isolation ** 22 . The Nature of Mind Isolation 333 ** 23. The Three Appearances and the Intrinsic Natures 341 *Part 7. The Conventional-Truth Illusory Body **24. Gaining Instructions on the Illusory Body **25. Methods of Attaining the Illusory Body **26. The Mixings *Part 8. The Ultimate-Truth Clear Light ** 27. Stages of Attainment443 ** 28. The Outer and Inner Mastery 447 ** 29. The Two Meditative Absorptions 453 ** 30. How the Path of Tantra Must Occur on the Sutra Path 463 ** 31. How Clear Light Is Incorporated into the Six Yogas 475 *Part 9.The Stage of Union ** 31 . The Two Truths Inseparably Combined 483 ** 33. How the Stage of Union Fits into the Six Yogas 503 *Part 10. Tantric Activities ** 34. General Presentation of Activities 509 ** 35. HighestYoga Tantra Activities527 ** 36. Rituals for the Three Activities541 ** 37. The Attainment of Complete Enlightenment559 * Colophon and Dedication563 * Table of Tibetan Transliteration567 * Notes569 * Glossary605 * Bibliography617 * Index629 * About the Contributors649

A Prolegomena to the Śrīmālādevī Sūtra and the Tathāgatagarbha Theory: The Role of Women in Buddhism +

* Introduction1 *Chapter ** I. Historical Overview10 ** II. Tathāgatabarbha61 ** III. Tathāgatagarbha Thought in the Śrīmālādevī-Siṁhanāda Sūtra: Part I116 ** IV. Tathāgatagarbha Thought in the Śrīmālādevī-Siṁhanāda Sūtra: Part II136 * V. The Teaching of Queen Śrīmālā Who Had the Lion's Roar187 * Appendix I: Methodology278 * Appendix II: Bibliography287 +

A Study of Master Yinshun’s Hermeneutics: An Interpretation of the Tathāgatagarbha Doctrine +

* List of Tables10 * Abstract11 * Introduction13 * Chapter 1. The Controversy: The Relationship between the Doctrine of Emptiness and the ''Tathāgatagarbha''25 * Chapter 2. Yinshun's Interpretation of the "Original Purity of the Mind" and Its Role in the Development of the ''Tathāgatagarbha'' Doctrine43 ** 2.1. "Original Purity of the Mind" in pre-Mahāyāna Buddhism45 *** 2.1.1. The "Original Purity of the Mind" and the Cultivation of ''Samādhi''46 *** 2.1.2. Canonical Sources for the "Original Purity of the Mind" Doctrine49 *** 2.1.3. Yinshun's Interpretation of the "Original Purity of the Mind”: The Sarvāstivādin Position52 *** 2.1.4. The Role of Metaphors in the Explication of the "Original Purity of the Mind"57 *** 2.1.5. Unity of the Mind60 ** 2.2. "Original Purity of the Mind" in Early Mahāyāna64 *** 2.2.1. No-Mind and the "Original Purity of the Mind"65 *** 2.2.2. The Bodhisattva Mind69 *** 2.2.3. Bodhicitta, Luminous Purity, and Emptiness72 * Chapter 3. Yinshun's Analysis of the ''Tathāgatagarbha'''s Relationship to the ''Perfection of Wisdom Sūtras'', The ''Huayan Sūtra'', and the ''Tathāgatagarbha Sūtra''79 ** 3.1. The "Equality of all Dharmas" and the "Non-Obstruction of Phenomena"81 *** 3.1.1. The ''Prajñāpāramitā'' Literature81 *** 3.1.2. ''Huayan Sūtra''84 ** 3.2. The Implied Meanings of the ''Tathāgatagarbha'' Theory Found in the ''Huayan Sūtra''86 *** 3.2.1. Tathāgata's Nature Origination Chapter86 *** 3.2.2. The Ten Stages Chapter90 *** 3.2.3. The Vairocana Chapter93 ** 3.3. Mind, Bodhicitta, Bodhi, and Sentient Beings98 *** 3.3.1. ''Bodhicitta'' and ''Bodhi''99 *** 3.3.2. ''Bodhicitta'', ''Bodhi'', and the Doctrine of Emptiness103 *** 3.3.3. ''Bodhicitta'', ''Bodhi'', and the Jewel Metaphor107 ** 3.4. The ''Tathāgatagarbha Sūtra''110 * Chapter 4. The Tathāgatagarbha as the womb of the Tathāgata: Yinshun's Explanation118 ** 4.1. Tathāgata and ''Tathāgatagarbha'' (''Rulai yu rulaizang'')123 ** 4.2. The Selfhood of ''Tathāgatagarbha'' (''Rulaizangwo'')131 ** 4.3. ''Tathāgatagarbha'' is not empty (''Rulaizangbukong'')142 * Chapter 5. Yinshun's Interpretation of the ''Jewel Nature Treatise'''s Treatment of the Tathāgatagarbha148 ** 5.1. The ''Ratnagotravibhāga'' as the Chief ''Tathāgatagarbha'' Treatise150 *** 5.1.1. The ''Jewel Nature Treatise'' (''Jiujing yisheng baoxinglun'')150 *** 5.1.2. The ''Wushangyijing''154 *** 5.1.3. The ''Dasheng fajie wuchabie lun''155 ** 5.2. The Texts and Treatises on which the ''Ratnagotravibhāga'' are Based157 ** 5.3 An Analysis of the Meaning of the ''Ratnagotravibhāga''160 *** 5.3.1 The ''Tathāgatagarbha''160 **** 5.3.1.1. The Pervasive Dharmakāya160 **** 5.3.1.2. Suchness without Distinction161 **** 5.3.1.3. The Buddha's Seed Nature162 *** 5.3.2. The Originally Pure Mind163 *** 5.3.3. Non-Emptiness and the Seed Nature168 *** 5.3.4. "Transforming the Base" (Skt. ''Āśrayaparavṛtti'': Chn. ''Zhuanyi'')170 * Chapter 6 . Conclusion: Yinshun's Hermeneutics173 ** 6.1. Overview of Yinshun's interpretation of ''Tathāgatagarbha'' Doctrine174 ** 6.2. Where to Go from Here193 * References205

A Study of Yogācāric Influence on Tathāgatagarbha Doctrine as Found in Laṅkāvatārasūtra +

** Approval Pageii ** Abstractiii ** Acknowledgementsv ** Dedicationvi ** Table of Contentsvii * CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION1 ** 1) A General Statement about This Study1 ** 2) A Brief Review of Related Research8 ** 3) Methodologies Employed in This Study9 * CHAPTER TWO: TATHĀGATAGARBHA THOUGHT PRIOR TO THE ''LAṄKĀVATĀRASŪTRA''11 ** 1) The ''Tathāgatagarbhasūtra''13 ** 2) The ''Śrīmālādevīsūtra''26 *** I Tathāgatagarbha and Ātman29 *** II Tathāgatagarbha and Śūnyatā32 *** III Tathāgatagarbha is Essentially Pure35 *** IV Tathāgatagarbha is the Supporting Cause37 * CHAPTER THREE: TATHĀGATAGARBHA DOCTRINE IN THE ''LAṄKĀVATĀRASŪTRA'' (1) — TATHĀGATANAIRĀTMYAGARBHA42 ** 1) A Brief Review of the Development of the Nairātmya Doctrine46 *** I "An-ātman" in Primitive Buddhism46 *** II "Niḥsvabhāva" in Madhyamaka School47 *** III "Twofold Nairātmya" in Yogācāra School49 ** 2) Relationship between Tathāgatagarbha and Nairātmya as Found in the ''Laṅkāvatārasūtra''52 *** I Tathāgatagarbha is Different from Ātman53 *** II Tathāgatagarbha is in Accordance with Nairātmya56 *** III Tathāgatagarbha and Śūnyatā are in Agreement59 ** 3) Tathāgatagarbha and the "Real and Eternal Mind-only"63 *** I Tathāgatagarbha is Essentially "Genuine Ātman"65 *** II Tathāgatagarbha is Essentially Aśūnya74 ** 4) Conclusion81 * CHAPTER FOUR: TATHĀGATAGARBHA DOCTRINE IN THE ''LAṄKĀVATĀRASŪTRA'' (2) — TATHĀGATAGARBHĀLAYAVIJÑĀNA82 ** 1) Meaning of Tathāgatagarbha as Cause Prior to the ''Laṅkāvatārasūtra''85 *** I The ''Śrīmālādevīsūtra''86 *** II The ''Anūnatvāpūrṇatva-nirdeśa-parivarta-sūtra''88 *** III The ''Ratna-gotra-vibhāga''90 ** 2) Tathāgatagarbha as Cause in the ''Laṅkāvatārasūtra''92 *** I Meaning of "Supporting Cause" Inherited from the Tathāgatagarbha Tradition93 *** II Meaning of "Producing Cause" Implanted from the Yogācāra School103 ** 3) Conclusion117 * CHAPTER FIVE: TATHĀGATAGARBHA DOCTRINE IN THE ''LAṄKĀVATĀRASŪTRA'' (3) — PARINIṢPĀNNASVABHĀVASTATHĀGATA- GARBHAHṚDAYA122 ** 1) Expansion And Extent of Tathāgatagarbha123 *** I Tathāgata-Wisdom in the ''Tathāgatagarbhasūtra''124 *** II "Tathāgata-Śūnyatā-Wisdom" and "Tathāgata-Realm" in the ''Śrīmālādevīsūtra''129 ** 2) Contents of the Term "Pariniṣpanasvabhāva"132 *** I Tathatā in the ''Saṃdhinirmocanasūtra'' and the ''Yogācāryabhūmiśāstra''134 *** II All the Pure Dharmas in the ''Mahāyānasaṃgrahaśāstra''139 ** 3) Pariniṣpanasvabhāvastathāgatagarbhahṛdaya in the ''Laṅkāvatārasūtra''141 ** 4) Conclusion151 * CHAPTER SIX: CONCLUSION155 * BIBLIOGRAPHY158

A Study on the Ratnagotravibhāga (Uttaratantra) +

* List of Abbreviationsix * Prefacexi * Introduction1 ** I. The Ratnagotravibhāga, its Text, Translation, and Traditions concering the Author5 *** 1. Text5 *** 2. Translations & Traditions concerning the Author6 ** II. The Structure of the Text10 *** 1. Basic Text and Commentary10 *** 2. Chinese Account of the Basic Verses12 *** 3. Supposed Form of the Original Text18 *** 4. The Commentary and Later Additions19 ** III. Keypoint of the Discourse20 *** 1. ''Ratnagotra'', the Germ of the Three Jewels20 *** 2. 4 Aspects of the Germ23 *** 3. The Absolute26 ** IV. Genealogy of the Tathāgatagarbha Theory32 *** 1. Sources of the Ratnagotravibhāga32 *** 2. ''Cittaprakrti'' and ''Āganutukakleśa''34 *** 3. ''Buddhajñana'' in the Avatamsaka35 *** 4. The Tathāgatagarbhasūtra36 *** 5. The Āryaśrīmālāsūtra37 *** 6. The Anūnatvâpūrnatvanirdeśa and the Mahāparinirvānasūtra39 *** 7. The Mahāyānasūtrâlankāra40 ** V. Works on the Tathāgatagarbha Theory Contemporary with or Succeeding the Ratna.45 *** 1. The Mahāyanadharmadhātvaviśesaśāstra45 *** 2. The Buddhagotraśastra47 *** 3. The Anuttarâśrayasūtra49 *** 4. The Lankāvatāra and the Mahāyānaśraddhôtpādaśāstra53 ** VI. The Position of the Ratna. in Mahāyāna Buddhism54 *** 1. The Ratna. as a Criticism on the Prajñāpāramitā54 *** 2. The Ratna. and the Vijñānavāda57 *** 3. Consideration on the Date and Authorship of the Ratna.61 * Synopsis of the Text63 * Translation and Notes135 <center>Chapter I. — The Matrix of the Tathāgata</center> * I. Introduction141 ** 1) The Meaning of the Adamantine Subjects141 ** 2) Authorities on the 7 Subjects 143 ** 3) The Essential Character of the 7 Subjects146 ** 4) The Inherent Connection among the 7 Subjects153 * II. The Jewel of the Buddha155 ** 1) The eightfold Quality of the Buddhahood156 ** 2) Reference to the ''Jñānâlokâlaṅkārasūtra''159 * III. The Jewel of the Doctrine163 ** 1) The Eightfold Quality of the Doctrine164 ** 2) ''Nirodhasatya'' & ''Mārgasatya''165 ** 3) The Doctrine as the Truth of Extinction165 ** 4) The Doctrine as the Truth of Path168 * IV. The Jewel of the Community172 ** 1) Manner and Extent of Perception173 *** a) Right Manner of Perception174 *** b) Unlimited Extent of Perception175 ** 2) Introspective Character of Bodhisattva’s Perception176 ** 3) Superiority of Bodhisattva’s Community176 * V. The 3 Jewels as Refuges180 ** 1) 3 Refuges from the Empirical Standpoint180 ** 2) The Doctrine and the Community are not the ultimate refuge181 ** 3) Only the Buddha is the Refuge from the ultimate Standpoint184 ** 4) The Meaning of the 3 Jewels185 * VI. The Germ of the 3 Jewels in 4 Aspects186 ** 1) Inconceivability of the 4 Aspects188 ** 2) The Germ as Cause and Conditions of the 3 Jewels in its 4 Aspects194 * VII. The Sermon: All Living Beings are possessed of the ''Tathāgatagarbha''196 * VIII. Analysis of the Germ from 10 Points of View199 ** (I) ''Svabhāva'' & (II) ''Hetu''200 *** 1) The Nature of the Essence of the Tathāgata200 *** 2) Obstructions and Causes for Purification201 ** (III) ''Phala'' & (IV) ''Karman''207 *** 1) The 4 Supreme Virtues as the Result of Purification208 *** 2) Concordance between the 4 Supreme Virtues and the 4 Causes for Purification210 *** 3) 4 Impediments to the Attainment of the Supreme Virtues214 *** 4) Motives of the 4 Supreme Virtues218 *** 4') The Unstable Nirvāṇa219 *** 5) Functions of the Germ for its Purification221 ** (V) Yoga225 *** 1) The Union of the Germ to the Factors of its Purification225 *** 2) The Union of the Germ to the Result of Purification227 ** (VI) ''Vṛtti'' (Manifestation)229 ** (VII) ''Avasthāprabheda'' (Different States of Manifestation)230 ** (VIII) ''Sarvatraga'' (All-pervadingness)233 ** (IX) ''Avikāra''234 *** (A) Unchangeability in the Impure State235 **** 1) Unoriginated Character of the Innate Mind238 **** 2) Indestructible Character of the Innate Mind241 *** (B) Unchangeability in the Pure-and-impure State243 **** 1) Pure Character and Impure Character of the Bodhisattva243 **** 2) Defilements endowed with the Virtuous Root245 **** 3) Bodhisattva’s Compassion — The Parable of a Householder246 **** 4) Bodhisattva’s Perception of the Pure Mind248 **** 5) ' ''Saṃsāra'' ' in the Case of Bodhisattva250 **** 6) Bodhisattva in his 6th Stage250 **** 7) The Pure and Impure State of the Bodhisattva in comparison with the Ordinary Being and the Buddha253 *** (C) Unchangeability in the Perfectly Pure State256 ** (X) ''Asaṃbheda''258 *** 1) Synonyms of the Essence of the Tathāgata259 *** 2) The Point: Buddhahood is Nirvāṇa261 *** 3) The Parable of Painters263 *** 4) Similarity of the Buddhahood to the Sun265 * IX. The 9 Illustrations on the Germ covered with Defilements268 ** 1) The 9 Illustrations according to the Tathāgatagarbhasūtra268 ** 2) 9 Kinds of Defilements — the Impurities of the Mind277 ** 3) Concordance between the 9 Illustrations and 9 Kinds of Defilements281 ** 4) The threefold Nature of the Essence283 *** a) ''Dharmakāya''284 *** b) ''Tathatā''287 *** c) ''Tathāgatagotra''288 * X. The Essential Characteristics of the Matrix of the Tathāgata294 ** 1) The Saying: ' All Living Beings are possessed of the Matrix of the Tathāgata ' is the Highest Logical Truth294 ** 2) The 4 Kinds of Individuals to whom the Faith in this Essence is necessary296 ** 3) The True Conception of the Matrix of the Tathāgata as representing Non-substantiality300 * XI. The Purpose of Instruction305 <center>Chapter II. — The Enlightenment</center> * XII. General Characteristics of the Reality free from Pollutions310 * XIII. 8 Points on the Undefiled Reality314 ** (I) ''Svabhāva'' & (II) ''Hetu''314 ** (III) ''Phala''315 ** (IV) ''Karman''318 ** (V) ''Yoga''322 ** (VI) ''Vṛtti''324 *** a) The Body of the Absolute Essence326 *** b) The Body of Enjoyment328 *** c) The Apparitional Body329 ** (VII) ''Nitya''331 ** (VIII) ''Acintya''334 <center>Chapter III. — The Properties of the Buddha</center> * XIV. General Characteristics of the Buddha’s Properties336 * XV. The 64 Properties of the Buddha338 ** (I) The 10 Powers338 ** (II) The 4 Forms of Intrepidity339 ** (III) The 18 Exclusive Properties341 ** (IV) The 32 Marks of the Superman343 *** (Commentary)347 <center>Chapter IV. — The Acts of the Buddha</center> * XVI. General Characteristics of the Acts of the Buddha351 * XVII. The 9 Illustrations on the Buddha's Acts355 ** 1) Buddha's Magnanimity355 ** 2) The 9 Illustrations taken from the ''Jñānâlokâlaṅkārasūtra''356 ** 3) Summary of the Illustrations given by the Commentator374 ** 4) Summary of Examples given in the Kārikās375 ** 5) Non-origination and Non-extinction of the Buddhahood377 ** 6) The Point of Dissimilarity377 <center>Chapter V. — The Merits of Faith</center> * XVIII. The Merits of Having Faith in the Doctrine of the Essence of Buddhahood380 ** 1) The Superiority of Faith to other Virtues in regard to their Merits380 ** 2) Authority, Motive, and Characteristics of this Text being the Correct Doctrine384 ** 3) Means of preserving oneself within the Doctrine386 ** 4) Causes and Results of the Loss of the Doctrine387 ** 5) Conclusion389 * Appendixes ** I. Supposed for of the Original Śloka-grantha393 ** II. Corrections & Emendations to the Sanskrit Text396 ** III. Description of the Ultimate Reality by Means of the Six Categories400 * Indexes ** 1. Index of Sanskrit Terms411 ** 2. Index of Works, Authors & Schools437

A Treasury of Mahāyāna Sūtras +

* Acknowledgementsvii * Prologueix **I. On Māyā and Miracles *** 1 The Prophecy of the Magician Bhadra's Attainment of Buddhahood (Sūtra 21)3 **II. On Emptiness *** 2 The Demonstration of the Inconceivable State of Buddhahood (Sūtra 35)27 *** 3 Flawless Purity: A Dialogue with the Laywomen Gaṅgottarā (Sūtra 31)37 *** 4 How to Kill the Sword of Wisdom (Sūtra 36)41 *** 5 A Discourse on Ready Eloquence (Sūtra 33)73 *** 6 Mañjuśrī's Discourse on the Pāramitā of Wisdom (Sūtra 46)100 *** 7 The Prophecy of Bodhisattva Fearless Virtue's Attainment of Buddhahood (Sūtra 32)115 *** 8 The Universal Dharma-Door to the Inconceivable (Sūtra 10)134 *** 9 The Inexhaustible Stores of Wisdom (Sūtra 20)149 *** 10 The Prediction of Mañjuśrī's Attainment of Buddhahood (Sūtra 15)164 **III. On the Light of the Tathāgata *** 11 The Manifestation of Lights (Sūtra 11)191 **IV. On Consciousness *** 12 The Elucidation of Consciousness (Sūtra 39)223 **V. On Virtue and Discipline *** 13 Bodhisattva Surata's Discourse (Sūtra 27)243 *** 14 Sumati’s Questions (Sūtra 30)256 *** 15 The Definitive Vinaya (Sūtra 24)262 *** 16 Abiding in Good and Noble Deportment (Sūtra 44)280 **VI. On Pure Land *** 17 The Dharma-Door of Praising Tathāgata Akṣobhya's Merits (Sūtra 6)315 *** 18 The Land of Utmost Bliss (Sūtra 5)339 **VII. On General Mahāyāna Doctrine *** 19 The True Lion's Roar of Queen Śrīmālā (Sūtra 48)363 *** 20 The Sūtra of Assembled Treasures (Sūtra 43)387 *** 21 Dialogue with Bodhisattva Infinite Wisdom (Sūtra 45)415 **VIII. On Skillful Means *** 22 On the Pāramitā of Ingenuity (Sūtra 38)427 ** Glossary469 ** Numerical Glossary487

Accessing Tibetan Tathāgatagarbha Interpretations based on The Ratnagotravibhāga +

* ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSi * ABBREVIATIONSii * CHARTSiv * INTRODUCTION1 * CHAPTER ONE: THE SOURCE TEXTS5 ** HISTORY6 *** ''Ratnagotravibhāga'' and ''Ratnagotravibhagavyākhyā''6 *** ''Authorship and date''9 *** ''Sanskrit Editions of RGV and RGVV''14 *** ''Chinese translations of RGVV''16 *** ''The RGV and RGVV in the Tibetan tradition''17 ** CONTENT21 *** ''Structure''21 *** ''Translation of Selected verses of RGV''31 *** ''Translation of the corresponding sections of RGVV''34 *** ''Critical Edition of Selected verse of RGV and their corresponding RGVV sections''40 ** CONCLUSION49 * CHAPTER TWO: THEORY AND PRACTICE51 ** THEORY AND PRACTICE WITHIN THE TRADITION52 *** ''Tathāgatagarbha''52 *** ''Tibetan Classifications of RGV & RGVV''55 *** ''Tibetan exegesis''58 ** CURRENT THEORY AND PRACTICE IN TIBETOLOGY60 *** ''Tathāgatagarbha''60 *** ''RGV studies''62 *** ''General observationos on Context, Sources and Classifications''71 ** CONCLUSION75 * CHAPTER THREE: METHODS77 ** HYPOTHESES77 ** METHODS CHOSEN78 ** CONCLUSION81 * CHAPTER FOUR: SURVEY82 *** ''Sources for information about RGV commentaries''83 *** ''Sources for information about commentators''84 *** ''Commentary titles''90 ** A PROVISIONAL LIST OF TIBETAN COMMENTARIES ON RGV & RGVV92 *** ''Information about authors whose commentaries are currently considered lost''93 *** ''Information about authors whose commentaries are in an uncertain location''100 *** ''Information about authors and their preserved RGV commentaries''108 *** ''Information about authors and their commentaries that are preserved and reproduced''114 ** CONCLUSION137 * CHAPTER FIVE: COMPARISON140 ** INTERPRETATIONS142 ** INFORMATION GAINED FROM INTERPRETATIONS210 *** ''Divergence in interpretations of The Main Thesis & Its Three Reasons''216 *** ''Isolation of main divergence''237 ** CONCLUSION244 * CHAPTER SIX: DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS246 * SANSKRIT EDITION OF THE SELECTED RGV VERSES250 * BIBLIOGRAPHY252 ** TIBETAN SOURCES252 ** TIBETAN COLLECTIONS255 ** TIBETAN REFERENCE WORKS257 ** SOURCES IN WESTERN LANGUAGES259 ** JAPANESE SOURCES270

Affirmation in Negation: A Study of the Tathāgatagarbha Theory in the Light of the Bodhisattva Practices +

* Introduction1 * Chapter One: The Term Tathāgatagarbha and Some of Its Synonyms8 ** 1. Tathāgatagarbha8 *** A. Tathāgata8 *** B. Garbha16 *** C. Tathāgatagarbha17 ** 2. Tathāgatagotra20 *** A. Gotra20 *** B. Tathāgatagotra37 ** 3. Dharmadhātu and Buddhadhātu40 *** A. Dhātu40 *** B. Dharmadhātu45 *** C. Buddhadhātu50 ** 4.Dharmakāya55 ** 5. Prakṛtipariśuddhacitta65 * Chapter Two: The Development of the Tathāgatagarbha Theory in India (1) —The Earlier Period74 ** 1. Sūtras:77 *** A. Tathāgatagarbha-sūtra77 *** B. Anūnatvāpūrṇatva-nirdeśa80 *** C. Śrīmālādevīsiṃhanāda-sūtra85 *** D. Mahāparinirvāṇa-sūtra95 *** E. Anuttarāśraya-sūtra103 *** F. Some Minor Sūtras104 ** 2. Śāstras:115 *** A. Ratnagotravibhāga-śāstra115 *** B. Mahāyānadharmadhātvaviśeṣa-śāstra126 ** 3. A Chart of the Chronological Order of these Works130 * Chapter Three: The Development of the Tathāgatagarbha Theory in India (2) —The Later Period131 ** 1. Sūtras:143 *** A. Suvarṇaprabhāsa-sūtra143 *** B. Laṅkāvatāra-sūtra149 *** C. Ghanavyūha-sūtra156 ** 2. Śāstras:160 *** A. The Buddha Nature Treatise160 *** B. Mahāyānaśraddhotpāda-śāstra167 * Chapter Four: The Development of the Tathāgatagarbha Theory in China173 ** 1. The Place of the Tathāgatagarbha theory in Different Kinds of P'an-chiao Systems174 ** 2. The Influence of the MPN in Chinese Buddhism181 *** A. The Issue of the Icchantikas181 *** B. Different Kinds of Buddha Nature184 *** C. The Direct Cause of Buddha Nature195 ** 3. The Buddha Nature in Some Chinese Buddhist Schools213 *** A. The Nieh-p'an School213 *** B. The T'ien-t'ai School219 *** C. The Hua-yen School225 *** D. The Ch'an School230 * Chapter Five: Refutation of Matsumoto's and Hakamaya's Criticism on the Tathāgatagarbha Theory241 ** 1. Fallacies Shared by Matsumoto and Hakamaya242 *** A. The Issue of Time versus Space243 *** B. The Issue of Unity versus Diversity247 *** C. The Issue of Permanence versus Impermanence250 ** 2. Extreme Views of Matsumoto's Criticism252 *** A. On the Concepts of Vimukti and Nirvāṇa252 *** B. On the Concept of Dharmakāya256 ** 3. Misconceptions of Hakamaya's Criticism261 *** A. On the Authoritarianism and the Lack of Real Altruism in the Theory of Fundamental Enlightenment263 *** B. On the Anti-religious Faith in the Theory of Fundamental Enlightenment270 * Chapter Six: A Comparison between the "Ātman" in the Tathāgatagarbha theory and That in the Upaniṣads277 ** 1. The "Ātman" in the Upaniṣads277 *** A. Ātman280 *** B. Brahman288 *** C. The Identification of Ātman and Brahman296 ** 2. Comparison of the Concept of ''Ātman'' in the Tathāgatagarbha Theory with That in the Upaniṣads303 *** A. Downward versus Upward303 *** B. Unitary Brahman versus Myriads of Buddhas307 *** C. Knowledge Leading to the Oneness with the Ātman/Brahman versus the Great Compassion for the Salvation of All315 * Chapter Seven: The Purpose of Postulating the Concept of Ātmapāramitā in the Tathāgatagarbha Theory329 ** 1. Controversy over the Concept of Anātman Depicted in the Early Canons330 *** A. The Doctrine of Anātman—the Negative Attitude towards the Idea of Ātman330 *** B. Having the Self for an Island—the Positive Attitude towards the Idea of Ātman335 *** C. The Silence of the Buddha—the Neutral Attitude towards the Idea of Ātman339 *** D. The Controversy over the Issue of Ātman versus Anātman in Buddhism345 **** (I)Those Who Maintain That There Is Absolutely No Self or Soul and Their Theories of Karman and Transmigration346 **** (II) The Other Side of the Controversy356 ** 2. The Absolute in the Mādhyamika and Yogācāra Schools366 *** A. The Concept of Anātman and the Absolute in the Mādhyamika School367 **** (I) The Concept of Anātman367 **** (II) Is the Supreme Truth the Absolute in the Mādhyamika Theory?375 *** B. The Concept of Ālayavijñāna and the Absolute in the Yogācāra School381 **** (I) The Substratum Consciousness—Ālayavijñāna383 **** (II) The Paramārtha-satya in the Yogācāra School391 ** 3. The Purpose of Postulating the Concept of Ātmapāramitā in the Tathāgatagarbha Theory395 * Chapter Eight: The Tathāgatagarbha Theory as a Support to the Bodhisattva Practices406 ** 1. The Tathāgatagarbha Theory and the Bodhisattva Path406 *** A. Buddhayāna Is the Only True Vehicle407 *** B. Bodhisattva Practices Are the Only Way to One's Salvation from the Saṃsāra422 ** 2. The Tathāgatagarbha Theory as a Support to the Bodhisattva Practices431 *** A. Tathāgatagarbha and the Bodhicittotpāda433 *** B. Tathāgatagarbha and the Bodhisattva Vows435 *** C. Tathāgatagarbha and the Six Pāramitās441 * Conclusion450 * Appendix A: Translation of the Tathāgatagarbha-sūtra454 ** I. Introductory Remarks454 ** II. The Translation457 *** Introduction457 *** Parable of the Metamorphosed Buddhas inside Lotuses464 *** Parable of the Honey Guarded by Countless Bees468 *** Parable of the Grain inside Husks470 *** Parable of the Gold in Impurities472 *** Parable of the Treasure under the Ground475 *** Parable of the Seed inside a Fruit478 *** Parable of the Golden Statue Wrapped in Rags480 *** Parable of the Embryo of Cakravartin in the Womb of a Poor Woman484 *** Parable of the Golden Image inside the Earthen Mold487 *** Merits of Recitation of This Sūtra490 *** The Jātaka Story of Bodhisattva Aparyantaprabha494 *** Conclusion503 * Appendix B: Glossary of Selected Technical Terms504 ** I. Sanskrit-English504 ** II. Chinese-English506 ** Ill. Japanese-English509 * Bibliography511