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Key Terms/dharmadhātu + (The fundamental expanse from which all phenomena emerge.)
Key Terms/prabhāsvaracitta + (The luminous aspect of mind that is often … The luminous aspect of mind that is often contrasted with its empty aspect. It is often used figuratively to reference the cognizant, or knowing, aspect of mind and sometimes more literally as the natural luminosity of mind and luminous wisdom that is experienced in meditation. wisdom that is experienced in meditation.)
Key Terms/Hīnayāna + (The mainstream teachings and the early sch … The mainstream teachings and the early schools of Buddhism which primarily taught individual liberation through practice-focused renunciation and monasticism, considered lesser than the later movement of the Greater Vehicle (Mahāyāna), which professed enlightenment for all sentient beings and promoted compassion.l sentient beings and promoted compassion.)
Key Terms/rgyu'i rgyud + (The mind's natural mode that abides as suchness, which remains unchanged from the state of an ordinary being up until enlightenment.)
Key Terms/viparyāsa + (The misperception or incorrect view a pers … The misperception or incorrect view a person has of reality, which must be overcome by having correct understanding and right view. The four well known incorrect views are seeing impermanent phenomena as permanent, dissatisfactory nature of things as blissful, impure things as pure, and illusory things as absolute and real. However, in the context of buddha-nature theory or other systems, there are also other forms of misconceptions which contradict with objective reality.s which contradict with objective reality.)
Key Terms/svabhāva + (The nature or essence of a thing, which originates only from itself and is not dependent on any external entities, causes, or conditions.)
Key Terms/Sarma + (The new Buddhist schools which began to ri … The new Buddhist schools which began to rise in the second millennium in Tibet after Buddhism declined in the ninth century as a result of the fall of the Yarlung dynasty. The Sarma schools were mostly based on Buddhist teachings freshly received from India and Nepal in contrast to the revival of the old teachings which already existed in Tibet. teachings which already existed in Tibet.)
Key Terms/amalavijñāna + (The ninth consciousness, the immaculate pure mind.)
Key Terms/anātman + (The nonexistence of the self as a permanent, unchanging entity.)
Key Terms/pratītyasamutpāda + (The notion that all phenomena arise in dependence on causes and conditions.)
Key Terms/ekayāna + (The notion that ultimately there is only one vehicle, or means, of achieving enlightenment.)
Key Terms/saṃbhogakāya + (The physical form of a buddha which reside … The physical form of a buddha which resides in a pure buddha realm, possesses the marks and tokens of an enlightened being, teaches Mahāyāna teachings to a retinue of Bodhisattvas for eternity. This embodied form of a buddha is the source from which all the forms of emanation originate.hich all the forms of emanation originate.)
Key Terms/prakṛtisthagotra + (The potential for awakening that is inherently present in all beings.)
Key Terms/guṇa + (The qualities or attributes of an enlightened being.)
Key Terms/tattva + (The reality or the objective state of thin … The reality or the objective state of things as they are. In the Buddhist context, it refers to the ultimate nature of things although what exactly suchness means would depend on the philosophical position of the specific schools. The Middle Way school, for instance, consider emptiness as the suchness of all things.r emptiness as the suchness of all things.)
Key Terms/paratantrasvabhāva + (The second of the three natures, according … The second of the three natures, according to the Yogācāra school. It is the dependent nature that is used to describe the relationship between mind and its objects, though there is a clear emphasis on the latter. Hence, this nature is concerned with the nature of seemingly external objects that arise in dependence upon causes and conditions. in dependence upon causes and conditions.)
Key Terms/Anuyoga + (The second set of the three inner tantras … The second set of the three inner tantras and the eighth of the nine vehicles according to the Nyingma tradition. Anuyoga includes many yogini tantras and focuses on the Completion Stage practices of sacred channels, energies and essential fluids and espouses the actualisation of empty bliss.espouses the actualisation of empty bliss.)
Key Terms/pāramitā + (The six or ten types of practices which le … The six or ten types of practices which lead an individual to Buddhahood. The practice of perfections is particularly important in Mahāyāna Buddhism in which the entire path of the Bodhisattva to reach full enlightenment is included in the six or ten perfections. The six perfections are that of giving, of discipline, patience, zeal, meditation, and wisdom. The perfection of skill-in-means, aspirations, power, and pristine wisdom are added to them to make ten perfections.are added to them to make ten perfections.)
Key Terms/gzhan stong + (The state of being devoid of that which is … The state of being devoid of that which is wholly different rather than being void of its own nature. The term is generally used to refer to the ultimate, or buddha-nature, being empty of other phenomena such as adventitious defiling emotions but not empty of its true nature.emotions but not empty of its true nature.)
Key Terms/śūnyatā + (The state of being empty of an innate nature due to a lack of independently existing characteristics.)
Key Terms/rang stong + (The state of being empty of self, which references the lack of inherent existence in relative phenomena.)
Key Terms/niḥsvabhāvatā + (The state of lacking a truly independent existence.)
Key Terms/Great Madhyamaka + (The term ''Great Madhyamaka'' is utilized … The term ''Great Madhyamaka'' is utilized in different contexts depending on the tradition. In the Jonang tradition, it generally refers to the Zhentong Madhyamaka philosophy as it was developed and systematized by Dölpopa. In this context, the Great Madhyamaka refers to the presentation of ultimate truth, while Madhyamaka describes the emptiness of the relative level of truth. In the Nyingma tradition, Great Madhyamaka refers to the subtle, inner Madhyamaka that unifies the philosophical positions of Nāgārjuna and Asaṅga. This is presented in opposition to the coarse, outer Madhyamaka that is the dialectic approach of Prāsaṅgika and Svātantrika. In the Kagyu tradition, the term is used in a similar vein in that Madhyamaka is used to refer to philosophical inquiry, while Great Madhyamaka is used to refer to the view arrived at through yogic accomplishment. However, in all of these traditions, Great Madhyamaka is heavily associated with buddha-nature (''tathāgatagarbha'') and the definitive status of these teachings. the definitive status of these teachings.)
Key Terms/pariniṣpannasvabhāva + (The third of the three natures, according … The third of the three natures, according to the Yogācāra school. It is the perfect nature that represents the most authentic understanding of phenomena, which is classically defined as the complete absence of the imaginary nature within the dependent nature.ginary nature within the dependent nature.)
Key Terms/trikāya + (The three enlightened forms of a buddha on … The three enlightened forms of a buddha one attains when one becomes fully enlightened. They include the truth body (''dharmakāya''), enjoyment body (''saṃbhogakāya''), and the emanation body (''nirmāṇakāya''). The three bodies comprise the many qualities and powers associated with buddhahood and thus are the result sought through Mahāyāna Buddhist practice.sought through Mahāyāna Buddhist practice.)
Key Terms/triviṣa + (The three poisons are a reference to the a … The three poisons are a reference to the afflictive emotions of ''rāga'' (Tib. '' 'dod chags''), ''dveṣa'' (Tib. ''zhe sdang''), and ''moha'' (Tib. ''gti mug''). These three detrimental states or afflictive behavioral patterns are difficult to definitively translate, and thus there are several common English variations of this group of three, such as desire, aggression, and bewilderment, or attachment, aversion, and delusion. It is useful to think of these three as a process that involves our insatiable urge to possess that which we desire and the ensuing aggravation that arises when we don't get what we want or have what we don't want forced upon us. Yet we are oblivious to the futility of these conditioned responses due to our lack of discernment, and thus we mindlessly continue to get caught up in this causal nexus.nue to get caught up in this causal nexus.)

Key Terms/dharmatā + (The true nature of phenomenal existence.)

Key Terms/Mahāyoga + (This is first one of the inner tantric sch … This is first one of the inner tantric schools according to the Nyingma tradition. Mahāyoga includes two sub-sections of the tantras which includes eighteen tantras and the sādhanās that includes the eight sādhanā practices. Mahāyoga focuses on the Development Stage and espouses the view of equality and purity in which equality refers to equal nature of phenomena in being empty and purity refers to all appearances being inherently enlightened energies. The Mahāyoga path leads to four stages of vidyadharas. path leads to four stages of vidyadharas.)
Key Terms/'jog sgom + (This is the meditation of directly observing the mind without engaging in any analytical or intellectual activity. (Thrangu Rinpoche, ''Transcending Ego'', 102).)
Key Terms/Mahāyānottaratantraśāstravyākhyā + (This is the title of Asaṅga's commentary to the ''Gyü Lama'' that is given by Tibetan sources instead of the ''Ratnagotravibhāgavyākhyā''.)
Key Terms/byams chos sde lnga + (This refers to a series of five texts that, according to the Tibetan tradition, Asaṅga received directly from Maitreya in the pure realm of Tuṣita.)
Key Terms/ātman + (Though it can simply be used as the expres … Though it can simply be used as the expression "I" or "me", in Indian thought the notion of self refers to a permanent, unchanging entity, such as that which passes from life to life in the case of people, or the innate essence (''svabhāva'') of phenomena.nnate essence (''svabhāva'') of phenomena.)
Key Terms/Cittamātra + (Though it is sometimes used synonymously w … Though it is sometimes used synonymously with Yogācāra, it is in fact one of the more prominent philosophical theories associated with this school. It asserts that the objects in the external world with which we interact are actually mentally created representations appearing as those objects. The character of these perceptions is predetermined by our own karmic conditioning that is stored in the ālayavijñāna.ioning that is stored in the ālayavijñāna.)
Key Terms/tridharmacakrapravartana + (Three successive stages of the Buddhist te … Three successive stages of the Buddhist teachings. Though they are traditionally attributed to the historical Buddha, modern scholarship tends to view them as developmental stages that occurred over the course of an extended period of time, with interludes of several centuries, in which we see major doctrinal shifts often based on seemingly newly emergent scriptural sources.emingly newly emergent scriptural sources.)
Key Terms/TR + (Tibetan Review)
Key Terms/Triṃś + (Triṃśikā)
Key Terms/Tsen Tradition + (Tsen Khawoche's "meditative tradition" of exegesis of the ''Uttaratantra''; it is one of two major Tibetan traditions of exegesis, both stemming from students of Sajjana.)
Key Terms/UPS + (Ugraparipṛcchāsūtra)
Key Terms/VV + (Vigrahavyāvartanī)
Key Terms/VN + (Vimalakīrtinirdeśa)
Key Terms/vinaya + (Vinaya refers to the corpus of Buddhist te … Vinaya refers to the corpus of Buddhist teachings on moral discipline and precepts and is one of the three canonical sets of teachings alongside Sūtra and Abhidharma. It also refers to the monastic tradition which has been passed down since the Buddha's time until our time.wn since the Buddha's time until our time.)
Key Terms/WSTB + (Wiener Studien zur Tibetologie und Buddhismuskunde - Vienna: Arbeitskreis für Tibetische und Buddhistische Studien.)
Key Terms/WZKSOA + (Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde Süd-und Ostasiens)
Key Terms/WZKS + (Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde Südasiens)
Key Terms/WZKM + (Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes)
Key Terms/ZDMG + (Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenlandischen Gesselschaft)
Key Terms/ZAS + (Zentralasiatische Studien)
Key Terms/OAW + (Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften)
Key Terms/ŚP + (Śata-Piṭaka Series)
Key Terms/Śata + (Śatasāhasrikāprajñāpāramitā)
Key Terms/Śikṣ + (Śikṣāsamuccaya)
Key Terms/SMD + (Śrīmālādevīsiṃhanādasūtra)